Snodgrass J Josh, Leonard William R, Tarskaia Larissa A, Schoeller Dale A
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):798-806. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.798.
Populations in transition to a Western lifestyle display increased incidences of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases; the mechanisms responsible for these changes, however, remain incompletely understood. Although reduced physical activity has been implicated, few studies have accurately quantified energy expenditure in subsistence populations.
The aim of the study was to examine the relation of total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity [physical activity level (PAL), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and weight-adjusted AEE (AEE/kg)] with body composition and lifestyle in the Yakut (Sakha), an indigenous high-latitude Siberian group.
We measured TEE using doubly labeled water and resting metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry in 28 young adults (14 women and 14 men) from Berdygestiakh, Russia.
The men had higher TEE (12,983 compared with 9620 kJ/d; P < 0.01), AEE (5248 compared with 3203 kJ/d; P < 0.05), AEE/kg (72.7 compared with 48.8 kJ . kg(-1) . d(-1); P < 0.05), and PAL (1.7 compared with 1.5; P = 0.09) than did the women, although this may reflect, in part, body size and composition differences. Overweight men and women had modestly higher TEEs than did lean participants; when adjusted for body size, activity levels were not significantly different between the groups. Persons with more traditional lifestyles had higher TEEs and PALs than did persons with more modernized lifestyles; this difference correlated with differences in participation in subsistence activities.
Activity levels in the Yakut were lower than those in other subsistence groups, especially the women, and were not significantly different from those in persons in industrialized nations. Persons who participated in more subsistence activities and consumed fewer market foods had significantly higher activity levels.
正转变为西方生活方式的人群中，肥胖、2型糖尿病及其他慢性病的发病率不断上升；然而，导致这些变化的机制仍未完全明确。尽管体育活动减少被认为与此有关，但很少有研究准确量化自给自足人群的能量消耗。
本研究旨在探讨总能量消耗（TEE）以及活动量[身体活动水平（PAL）、活动能量消耗（AEE）和体重校正AEE（AEE/kg）]与雅库特（萨哈）人（西伯利亚高纬度地区的一个原住民群体）的身体组成和生活方式之间的关系。
我们对来自俄罗斯别尔迪盖斯特亚赫的28名年轻人（14名女性和14名男性）采用双标水法测量TEE，用间接测热法测量静息代谢率。
男性的TEE（分别为12983和9620kJ/d；P<0.01）、AEE（分别为5248和3203kJ/d；P<0.05）、AEE/kg（分别为72.7和48.8kJ·kg-1·d-1；P<0.05）和PAL（分别为1.7和1.5；P = 0.09）均高于女性，不过这可能部分反映了体型和身体组成的差异。超重男性和女性的TEE略高于体型偏瘦的参与者；校正体型后，两组之间的活动水平无显著差异。生活方式较为传统的人比生活方式更为现代化的人具有更高的TEE和PAL；这种差异与参与自给自足活动的差异相关。
雅库特人的活动水平低于其他自给自足群体，尤其是女性，且与工业化国家人群的活动水平无显著差异。参与更多自给自足活动且食用市场食物较少的人活动水平显著更高。
