Riecke Bernhard E, Cunningham Douglas W, Bülthoff Heinrich H
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 38, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2007 May;71(3):298-313. doi: 10.1007/s00426-006-0085-z. Epub 2006 Sep 23.
Robust and effortless spatial orientation critically relies on "automatic and obligatory spatial updating", a largely automatized and reflex-like process that transforms our mental egocentric representation of the immediate surroundings during ego-motions. A rapid pointing paradigm was used to assess automatic/obligatory spatial updating after visually displayed upright rotations with or without concomitant physical rotations using a motion platform. Visual stimuli displaying a natural, subject-known scene proved sufficient for enabling automatic and obligatory spatial updating, irrespective of concurrent physical motions. This challenges the prevailing notion that visual cues alone are insufficient for enabling such spatial updating of rotations, and that vestibular/proprioceptive cues are both required and sufficient. Displaying optic flow devoid of landmarks during the motion and pointing phase was insufficient for enabling automatic spatial updating, but could not be entirely ignored either. Interestingly, additional physical motion cues hardly improved performance, and were insufficient for affording automatic spatial updating. The results are discussed in the context of the mental transformation hypothesis and the sensorimotor interference hypothesis, which associates difficulties in imagined perspective switches to interference between the sensorimotor and cognitive (to-be-imagined) perspective.
稳健且轻松的空间定向严重依赖于“自动且强制的空间更新”，这是一个高度自动化且类似反射的过程，在自我运动期间转换我们对周围环境的以自我为中心的心理表征。使用快速指向范式来评估在使用运动平台进行有或没有伴随身体旋转的视觉显示直立旋转后自动/强制的空间更新。显示自然的、受试者熟悉场景的视觉刺激被证明足以实现自动且强制的空间更新，而与同时发生的身体运动无关。这挑战了普遍观点，即仅视觉线索不足以实现这种旋转的空间更新，并且前庭/本体感觉线索既必要又充分。在运动和指向阶段显示没有地标的光流不足以实现自动空间更新，但也不能完全被忽视。有趣的是，额外的身体运动线索几乎没有提高表现，并且不足以实现自动空间更新。在心理转换假设和感觉运动干扰假设的背景下讨论了结果，感觉运动干扰假设将想象视角转换中的困难与感觉运动和认知（要想象的）视角之间的干扰联系起来。
