Lera Marqués Lydia, Olivares Cortés Sonia, Leyton Dinamarca Bárbara, Bustos Zapata Nelly
Laboratorio de Epidemiología Nutricional y Genética, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2006 Jun;56(2):165-70.
The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns in girls and to assess their association with obesity or overweight. A school-based sample of 108 girls between 8 and 11 years of medium-high socioeconomic level was selected in Santiago, Chile. The body mass index was calculated and a quantified food frequency and physical activity questionnaires (validated in the FAO/MINEDUC/INTA Project Nutritional Education in primary schools) were applied. Four distinct dietary factors or patterns were obtained explaining 54% of the total variation using factorial analysis. The first factor was characterized by an energy-dense diet (high consumption of fat foods, ice creams, chocolates, French fries, snacks). The second factor represented a healthy diet (dairy products, fruits and salads). The third factor represented intake of soft drinks (either with or without sugar). The fourth factor represented a diet rich in calories and sugars (bread, sausages, sweets). The association between the four dietary factors and overweight/obesity was assessed through logistic regression models. The first factor, energy-dense foods, was the only one significantly associated with the presence of obesity (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.12 - 3.09). The results of this research about dietary patterns are consistent with studies carried out in other countries.
本研究的目的是确定女孩的饮食模式，并评估它们与肥胖或超重的关联。在智利圣地亚哥选取了108名8至11岁、社会经济水平中等偏高的在校女孩作为样本。计算了她们的体重指数，并应用了一份经过量化的食物频率和身体活动调查问卷（该问卷在粮农组织/教育部/国家农业技术研究所小学营养教育项目中得到验证）。通过因子分析得出了四个不同的饮食因素或模式，它们解释了总变异的54%。第一个因素的特点是能量密集型饮食（高脂肪食物、冰淇淋、巧克力、薯条、零食的高消费量）。第二个因素代表健康饮食（乳制品、水果和沙拉）。第三个因素代表软饮料的摄入量（含糖或不含糖）。第四个因素代表富含卡路里和糖分的饮食（面包、香肠、糖果）。通过逻辑回归模型评估了这四个饮食因素与超重/肥胖之间的关联。第一个因素，即能量密集型食物，是唯一与肥胖存在显著关联的因素（比值比=1.86；95%置信区间：1.12 - 3.09）。这项关于饮食模式的研究结果与其他国家开展的研究一致。
