Olivares C Sonia, Bustos Z Nelly, Lera M Lydia, Zelada María Eugenia
Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2007 Jan;135(1):71-8. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872007000100010. Epub 2007 Mar 6.
A high prevalence of obesity is the main public health problem in Chilean school children.
To compare the nutritional status, consumption of selected foods and extracurricular physical activity (PA) habits in school children of different socioeconomic levels as a baseline for developing effective educational interventions.
Cross-sectional study that determined the body mass index, food consumption and physical activity with previously validated instruments in 202 and 358 girls from 3rd to 8th grade in schools of medium-high and low socioeconomic level (SEL) from Santiago, Chile, respectively.
Compared to their counterparts of low socioeconomic level (SEL), the prevalence of obesity was significantly lower in 8-9 year-old girls of medium high SEL (19% and 9%, respectively, p =0.012) and 12-13 year-old (12% and 2.5% respectively, p =0.008). Also median daily intake of dairy products was higher in girls of medium high SEL (250 and 470 ml/day, respectively). The intake of fruits and vegetables was similar (200 g/d); and the intake of bread was lower (230 and 70 g/day, respectively, p <0.01). Consumption of energy-dense foods was lower in 10-13 year-old girls of medium high SEL (80 and 50 g/day, respectively, p <0.01). 45% of 8-9 year-old girls and 35% of 12-13 year-old girls of both SEL engaged in PA four or more times per week (NS).
Although the prevalence of obesity in girls of medium-high SEL was not as high as in those from low SEL, it is still high. There is a need for educational interventions to improve their food and PA habits and to promote an environment that enhances healthy behaviors.
肥胖率高是智利学童面临的主要公共卫生问题。
比较不同社会经济水平学童的营养状况、特定食物的摄入量和课外体育活动（PA）习惯，作为制定有效教育干预措施的基线。
采用横断面研究，分别用先前验证过的工具，对智利圣地亚哥社会经济水平高、中、低（SEL）的学校中202名和358名三至八年级女生的体重指数、食物摄入量和体育活动进行了测定。
与社会经济水平低（SEL）的同龄女生相比，社会经济水平高、中的8 - 9岁女生肥胖率显著较低（分别为19%和9%，p = 0.012），12 - 13岁女生肥胖率也显著较低（分别为12%和2.5%，p = 0.008）。此外，社会经济水平高、中的女生乳制品日均摄入量较高（分别为250和470毫升/天）。水果和蔬菜的摄入量相似（200克/天）；面包摄入量较低（分别为230和70克/天，p < 0.01）。社会经济水平高、中的10 - 13岁女生高能量食物的摄入量较低（分别为80和50克/天，p < 0.01）。两个社会经济水平组中，45%的8 - 9岁女生和35%的12 - 13岁女生每周进行体育活动四次或更多次（无显著差异）。
尽管社会经济水平高、中的女生肥胖率不像社会经济水平低的女生那么高，但仍然很高。需要开展教育干预措施，以改善她们的饮食和体育活动习惯，并营造促进健康行为的环境。
