Vandentorren S, Bretin P, Zeghnoun A, Mandereau-Bruno L, Croisier A, Cochet C, Ribéron J, Siberan I, Declercq B, Ledrans M
Department of Environmental Health, French Institute of Public Health Surveillance, Cedex, France.
Eur J Public Health. 2006 Dec;16(6):583-91. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl063. Epub 2006 Oct 6.
The August 2003 heat wave in France resulted in many thousands of excess deaths particularly of elderly people. Individual and environmental risk factors for death among the community-dwelling elderly were identified. We conducted a case-control survey and defined cases as people aged 65 years and older who lived at home and died from August 8 through August 13 from causes other than accident, suicide, or surgical complications. Controls were matched with cases for age, sex, and residential area. Interviewers used questionnaires to collect data. Satellite pictures provided profiles of the heat island characteristics around the homes. Lack of mobility was a major risk factor along with some pre-existing medical conditions. Housing characteristics associated with death were lack of thermal insulation and sleeping on the top floor, right under the roof. The temperature around the building was a major risk factor. Behaviour such as dressing lightly and use of cooling techniques and devices were protective factors. These findings suggest people with pre-existing medical conditions were likely to be vulnerable during heat waves and need information on how to adjust daily routines to heat waves. In the long term, building insulation and urban planning must be adapted to provide protection from possible heat waves.
2003年8月法国的热浪导致了数以千计的额外死亡，尤其是老年人。确定了社区居住老年人死亡的个人和环境风险因素。我们进行了一项病例对照调查，将病例定义为65岁及以上、在家居住、于8月8日至13日死于意外、自杀或手术并发症以外原因的人。对照在年龄、性别和居住地区与病例进行匹配。访谈者使用问卷收集数据。卫星图片提供了房屋周围热岛特征的概况。行动不便以及一些先前存在的医疗状况是主要风险因素。与死亡相关的住房特征是缺乏隔热以及睡在顶层、紧挨着屋顶的地方。建筑物周围的温度是一个主要风险因素。穿着轻便以及使用降温技术和设备等行为是保护因素。这些发现表明，有先前存在医疗状况的人在热浪期间可能很脆弱，需要有关如何调整日常生活以应对热浪的信息。从长远来看，必须调整建筑隔热和城市规划，以提供抵御可能出现的热浪的保护。
