Ezenwa Miriam O, Ameringer Suzanne, Ward Sandra E, Serlin Ronald C
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Clinical Science Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2006;38(3):225-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00107.x.
To critically examine research on racial and ethnic disparities in pain management with a focus on who has been studied, the magnitude of disparities, and potential explanations for those disparities.
A systematic literature review. Articles included were reports of original research in which at least two racial or ethnic groups were compared on adequacy of pain management.
Review of research articles published between 1990 and 2004 with the primary aim of identifying the influence of race or ethnicity on pain management in the US. Databases were CINAHL, Medline, and Pubmed. Relevant articles were categorized by pain type. Effect sizes were calculated where sufficient data were provided.
Studies were focused on Blacks or African Americans, Whites or non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Terms for describing these groups were neither well defined nor consistently used within and across studies. Disparities in pain management were reported in relation to minority status, but the magnitudes of these disparities were mostly small.
Greater clarity and consistency are needed in the use of the terms race, ethnicity, and minority. Groups were treated as if they were homogeneous, and details were lacking about whether subgroups of different races or ethnicities had been studied. Although reported disparities in pain management were small, they were consistent. Further research is needed to examine differences within groups and to explain possible reasons for disparities across groups.
批判性地审视关于疼痛管理中种族和民族差异的研究，重点关注研究对象、差异程度以及这些差异的潜在解释。
系统文献综述。纳入的文章为原始研究报告，其中至少对两个种族或民族群体的疼痛管理充分性进行了比较。
回顾1990年至2004年间发表的研究文章，主要目的是确定种族或民族对美国疼痛管理的影响。数据库包括CINAHL、Medline和Pubmed。相关文章按疼痛类型分类。在提供足够数据的情况下计算效应量。
研究集中于黑人或非裔美国人、白人或非西班牙裔白人、西班牙裔和亚裔。描述这些群体的术语在研究内部和研究之间既没有得到很好的定义，也没有得到一致的使用。报告了与少数群体地位相关的疼痛管理差异，但这些差异的程度大多较小。
在使用种族、民族和少数群体这些术语时，需要更加清晰和一致。群体被视为同质的，缺乏关于是否研究了不同种族或民族亚组的细节。尽管报告的疼痛管理差异较小，但它们是一致的。需要进一步研究以检查群体内部的差异，并解释群体间差异的可能原因。
