Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen, Concheiro Angel
Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2006;12:225-68. doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12007-4.
The application of the molecular imprinting technology in the design of new drug delivery systems (DDS) and devices useful in closely related fields, such as diagnostic sensors or biological traps, is receiving increasing attention. Molecular imprinting technology can provide polymeric materials with the ability to recognize specific bioactive molecules and with a sorption/release behaviour that can be made sensitive to the properties of the surrounding medium. In this review, an introduction to the imprinting technology presenting the different approaches in preparing selective polymers of different formats is given, and the key factors involved in obtaining of imprinted binding sites in materials useful for pharmaceutical applications are analysed. Examples of DDS based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be found for the three main approaches developed to control the moment at which delivery should begin and/or the drug release rate; i.e., rate-programmed, activation-modulated or feedback-regulated drug delivery. This review seeks to highlight the most remarkable advantages of the imprinting technique in the development of new efficient DDS as well as to point out some possibilities of adapting the synthesis procedures to create systems compatible with both the relative instable drug molecules, especially of peptide nature, and the sensitive physiological tissues with which MIP-based DDS would enter into contact when administered. The prospects for future development are also analysed.
分子印迹技术在新型药物递送系统（DDS）以及诊断传感器或生物捕获器等密切相关领域的设计中的应用正受到越来越多的关注。分子印迹技术能够赋予聚合物材料识别特定生物活性分子的能力，以及使其吸附/释放行为对周围介质的性质敏感的能力。在本综述中，介绍了印迹技术，阐述了制备不同形式选择性聚合物的不同方法，并分析了在用于药物应用的材料中获得印迹结合位点所涉及的关键因素。基于分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的DDS示例可在为控制递送开始时刻和/或药物释放速率而开发的三种主要方法中找到，即速率程序控制、激活调节或反馈调节药物递送。本综述旨在突出印迹技术在开发新型高效DDS方面的最显著优势，并指出调整合成程序以创建与相对不稳定的药物分子（尤其是肽类性质的分子）以及基于MIP的DDS给药时会接触到的敏感生理组织兼容的系统的一些可能性。还分析了未来的发展前景。
