Eisenberg Marla E, Resnick Michael D
Healthy Youth Development Prevention Research Center, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 Nov;39(5):662-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.024. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
Many reports have indicated that gay, lesbian and bisexual (GLB) youth are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes, including suicide. Certain protective factors are likely to reduce this risk. The present study examines four protective factors (family connectedness, teacher caring, other adult caring, and school safety) and their association with suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents with same-gender experience.
Data come from the 2004 Minnesota Student Survey of 9th and 12th grade students; 21,927 sexually active youth were grouped according to the gender of their sex partner(s) into GLB and non-GLB groups. Four protective factors and suicidal ideation and attempts were compared across groups. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of protective factors on suicide, and predicted probabilities of suicidal ideation and attempts were estimated using general linear modeling.
There were 2,255 respondents who reported same-gender experience. Over half of GLB students had thought about suicide and 37.4% reported a suicide attempt. GLB youth reported significantly lower levels of each protective factor than their non-GLB peers. Family connectedness, adult caring, and school safety were significantly protective against suicidal ideation and attempts. Risk associated with a GLB sexual orientation is largely mediated through protective factors.
Sexual orientation alone accounts for only a small portion of variability in suicidal ideation and attempts. If protective factors were enhanced among GLB youth, suicide in this population is expected to be considerably lower. Protective factors examined here are amenable to change and should be targeted in interventions.
许多报告表明，男同性恋、女同性恋和双性恋（GLB）青少年尤其容易出现不良后果，包括自杀。某些保护因素可能会降低这种风险。本研究调查了四个保护因素（家庭关系、教师关怀、其他成年人关怀和学校安全）及其与有同性经历青少年自杀意念和自杀未遂之间的关联。
数据来自2004年明尼苏达州对九年级和十二年级学生的学生调查；21927名性活跃青少年根据其性伴侣的性别分为GLB组和非GLB组。对两组的四个保护因素以及自杀意念和自杀未遂情况进行了比较。采用逻辑回归分析来研究保护因素对自杀的影响，并使用一般线性模型估计自杀意念和自杀未遂的预测概率。
有2255名受访者报告有同性经历。超过一半的GLB学生曾有过自杀念头，37.4%的人报告有过自杀未遂行为。GLB青少年报告的每个保护因素水平均显著低于非GLB同龄人。家庭关系、成年人关怀和学校安全对自杀意念和自杀未遂具有显著的保护作用。与GLB性取向相关的风险在很大程度上是通过保护因素来介导的。
仅性取向在自杀意念和自杀未遂的变异性中所占比例很小。如果增强GLB青少年的保护因素，预计该群体中的自杀率会大幅降低。这里所研究的保护因素是可以改变的，应作为干预的目标。
