Haasper C, Otte D, Knobloch K, Zeichen J, Krettek C, Richter M
Unfallchirurgische Klinik mit Verkehrsunfallforschung, Medizinische Hochschule, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, OE 6230, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Unfallchirurg. 2006 Dec;109(12):1025-31. doi: 10.1007/s00113-006-1186-2.
The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of knee injuries among vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists.
Two different periods (years 1985-1993 and 1995-2003) were compared. Inclusion criteria were furthermore Abbreviated Injury Scale knee 2-3 (AIS(knee)). Technical analysis assessed the type of collision, direction and speed as well as the injury pattern, and different injury scores (AIS, ISS) were examined documented by the accident research unit, which analyses technical and medical data collected shortly after the accident at the scene. This study included 2,580 pedestrians, 2,279 motorcyclists and 4,322 bicyclists from a total number of 22,794 victims in 17,382 accidents.
Among vulnerable road users, 2% (196/9181 patients) had serious ligamentous or bony injuries of the knee. The risk of injury was higher for motorcyclists and bicyclists than for pedestrians. Knee injury severity was higher for pedestrians. Over the course of 18 years, the knee injury risk was significantly reduced in more recent times (35%>28%, p<0.0001). Improved aerodynamic design of car fronts reduced the risk for severe knee injuries significantly (p=0.0015).
The highest risk for knee injuries among vulnerable road users is encountered by motorcyclists followed by bicyclists and pedestrians. Over time, the knee injury risk for pedestrians could be significantly reduced due to aerodynamic changes of current car fronts. Further modification of the exterior car design might decrease the risk for knee injuries among vulnerable road users.
本研究的目的是评估行人、骑自行车者和骑摩托车者等道路弱势群体中膝关节损伤的风险。
比较了两个不同时期（1985 - 1993年和1995 - 2003年）。纳入标准为简明损伤定级标准膝关节损伤2 - 3级（AIS(knee)）。技术分析评估了碰撞类型、方向和速度以及损伤模式，并检查了不同的损伤评分（AIS、ISS），这些数据由事故研究单位记录，该单位分析事故现场事故发生后不久收集的技术和医疗数据。本研究包括来自17382起事故中22794名受害者中的2580名行人、2279名骑摩托车者和4322名骑自行车者。
在道路弱势群体中，2%（196/9181名患者）有严重的膝关节韧带或骨骼损伤。骑摩托车者和骑自行车者的受伤风险高于行人。行人的膝关节损伤严重程度更高。在18年的时间里，近期膝关节损伤风险显著降低（35%>28%，p<0.0001）。汽车前部空气动力学设计的改进显著降低了严重膝关节损伤的风险（p = 0.0015）。
道路弱势群体中膝关节损伤风险最高的是骑摩托车者，其次是骑自行车者和行人。随着时间的推移，由于当前汽车前部空气动力学的变化，行人的膝关节损伤风险可能会显著降低。汽车外部设计的进一步改进可能会降低道路弱势群体中膝关节损伤的风险。
