Nie Jin, Yang Jikuang
Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China.
Research Center of Vehicle and Traffic Safety (VTS), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China; Department of Applied Mechanics, Division of Vehicle Safety, SAFER at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Oct;71:50-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.021. Epub 2014 May 28.
Like pedestrians, bicyclists are vulnerable road users, representing a population with a high risk of fatal and severe injuries in traffic accidents as they are unprotected during vehicle collisions. The objective of this study is to investigate the kinematics response of bicyclists and the correlation of the injury severity with vehicle impact speed. Twenty-four car-bicyclist cases with detailed information were selected for accident reconstruction using mathematical models, which was implemented in the MADYMO program. The dynamic response of bicyclists in the typical impact configuration and the correlation of head impact conditions were analyzed and discussed with respect to the head impact speed, time of head impact and impact angle of bicyclists to vehicle impact speed. Furthermore, the injury distribution of bicyclists and the risk of head injuries and fractures of lower limbs were investigated in terms of vehicle impact speed. The results indicate that wrap-around distance (WAD), head impact speed, time of head impact, head impact angle, and throw-out distance (TOD) of the bicyclists have a strong relationship with vehicle impact speed. The vehicle impact speed corresponding to a 50% probability of head AIS 2+ injuries, head AIS 3+ injuries, and lower limb fracture risk for bicyclists is 53.8km/h, 58.9km/h, and 41.2km/h, respectively. A higher vehicle impact speed produces a higher injury risk to bicyclist. The results could provide background knowledge for the establishment or modification of pedestrian regulations considering bicyclist protection as well as being helpful for developing safety measures and protection devices for bicyclists.
与行人一样，骑自行车的人也是易受伤害的道路使用者，由于在车辆碰撞时没有保护措施，他们在交通事故中面临着很高的致命和重伤风险。本研究的目的是调查骑自行车者的运动学响应以及伤害严重程度与车辆碰撞速度之间的相关性。选择了24起有详细信息的汽车与自行车碰撞案例，使用数学模型进行事故重建，该模型在MADYMO程序中实现。针对骑自行车者的典型碰撞配置下的动态响应以及头部碰撞条件的相关性，从头部碰撞速度、头部碰撞时间和骑自行车者与车辆碰撞速度的碰撞角度进行了分析和讨论。此外，还根据车辆碰撞速度研究了骑自行车者的伤害分布以及头部受伤和下肢骨折的风险。结果表明，骑自行车者的环绕距离（WAD）、头部碰撞速度、头部碰撞时间、头部碰撞角度和抛出距离（TOD）与车辆碰撞速度有很强的关系。骑自行车者头部AIS 2+级及以上伤害、头部AIS 3+级及以上伤害和下肢骨折风险的50%概率对应的车辆碰撞速度分别为53.8km/h、58.9km/h和41.2km/h。车辆碰撞速度越高，骑自行车者受伤的风险就越高。这些结果可为考虑自行车骑行者保护的行人法规的制定或修改提供背景知识，也有助于为自行车骑行者开发安全措施和保护装置。
