Alvarado M I, Pérez M
Ciudad de Coria Hospital, Allergy Unit, Cáceres, Spain.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2006 Sep-Oct;34(5):185-93. doi: 10.1157/13094025.
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of food allergy in patients referred to our Allergy Unit and to evaluate the diagnostic methods used.
We selected 674 patients referred to the Allergy Unit of our hospital from May 2002 to October 2004. The prevalence of symptoms was determined by a standardized questionnaire, prick-prick test, and serum specific IgE. In a second phase, double-blind oral challenge tests were administered.
Food allergy was found in 106 patients (15.7 %): 71 adults (67 %) and 35 children (33 %). The prevalence of food allergen sensitization was 14 % in adults and 20.8 % in children. A total of 89.6 % of the patients experienced symptoms immediately. Only 29.2 % the patients of sought medical attention and adrenaline was administered to five (16.1 %). The foods most frequently involved in allergic reactions were fruits (56.6 %) and tree nuts (22.6 %). The most common symptoms were oral allergy syndrome (46.2 %), urticaria (32.1 %), and anaphylaxis (14.2 %). Combining the results of the questionnaire with those of prick-prick tests in patients whose allergy was confirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (9.1 %) showed a sensitivity of 95.5 %, a negative predictive value of 96 %, a specificity of 75 % and a positive predictive value of 73 %.
本研究旨在调查转诊至我院过敏科患者的食物过敏患病率，并评估所采用的诊断方法。
我们选取了2002年5月至2004年10月转诊至我院过敏科的674例患者。通过标准化问卷、点刺试验和血清特异性IgE来确定症状的患病率。在第二阶段，进行双盲口服激发试验。
106例患者（15.7%）被发现存在食物过敏：71例成人（67%）和35例儿童（33%）。食物过敏原致敏率在成人中为14%，在儿童中为20.8%。共有89.6%的患者立即出现症状。只有29.2%的患者寻求医疗帮助，其中5例（16.1%）使用了肾上腺素。最常引发过敏反应的食物是水果（56.6%）和坚果（22.6%）。最常见的症状是口腔过敏综合征（46.2%）、荨麻疹（32.1%）和过敏反应（14.2%）。将双盲安慰剂对照食物激发试验确诊过敏患者的问卷结果与点刺试验结果相结合（9.1%），显示敏感性为95.5%，阴性预测值为96%，特异性为75%，阳性预测值为73%。
