Lubchenko Vassiliy, Wolynes Peter G
Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2007;58:235-66. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104653.
We review the random first-order transition theory of the glass transition, emphasizing the experimental tests of the theory. Many distinct phenomena are quantitatively predicted or explained by the theory, both above and below the glass transition temperature T(g). These include the following: the viscosity catastrophe and heat-capacity jump at T(g), and their connection; the nonexponentiality of relaxations and their correlation with the fragility; dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquids owing to the mosaic structure; deviations from the Vogel-Fulcher law, connected with strings or fractal cooperative rearrangements; deviations from the Stokes-Einstein relation close to T(g); aging and its correlation with fragility; and the excess density of states at cryogenic temperatures owing to two-level tunneling systems and the Boson peak.
我们回顾玻璃化转变的随机一阶转变理论，重点关注该理论的实验检验。该理论对玻璃化转变温度T(g)之上和之下的许多不同现象进行了定量预测或解释。这些现象包括：T(g)处的粘度突变和热容跃变及其关联；弛豫的非指数性及其与脆性的相关性；由于镶嵌结构导致的过冷液体中的动态不均匀性；与链状或分形协同重排相关的对Vogel-Fulcher定律的偏离；接近T(g)时对Stokes-Einstein关系的偏离；老化及其与脆性的相关性；以及由于双能级隧穿系统和玻色子峰导致的低温下的态密度过剩。
