Atkinson Greg, Davenne Damien
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, Webster Street, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK.
Physiol Behav. 2007 Feb 28;90(2-3):229-35. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.015. Epub 2006 Oct 25.
Although sleep and exercise may seem to be mediated by completely different physiological mechanisms, there is growing evidence for clinically important relationships between these two behaviors. It is known that passive body heating facilitates the nocturnal sleep of healthy elderly people with insomnia. This finding supports the hypothesis that changes in body temperature trigger somnogenic brain areas to initiate sleep. Nevertheless, little is known about how the core and distal thermoregulatory responses to exercise fit into this hypothesis. Such knowledge could also help in reducing sleep problems associated with nocturnal shiftwork. It is difficult to incorporate physical activity into a shiftworker's lifestyle, since it is already disrupted in terms of family commitments and eating habits. A multi-research strategy is needed to identify what the optimal amounts and timing of physical activity are for reducing shiftwork-related sleep problems. The relationships between sleep, exercise and diet are also important, given the recently reported associations between short sleep length and obesity. The cardiovascular safety of exercise timing should also be considered, since recent data suggest that the reactivity of blood pressure to a change in general physical activity is highest during the morning. This time is associated with an increased risk in general of a sudden cardiac event, but more research work is needed to separate the influences of light, posture and exercise per se on the haemodynamic responses to sleep and physical activity following sleep taken at night and during the day as a nap.
尽管睡眠和运动似乎由完全不同的生理机制介导，但越来越多的证据表明这两种行为之间存在临床上重要的关联。众所周知，被动身体加热有助于患有失眠症的健康老年人夜间睡眠。这一发现支持了体温变化触发促眠脑区启动睡眠的假说。然而，对于运动时核心体温和外周体温调节反应如何与该假说相契合，人们了解甚少。此类知识或许还能有助于减少与夜间轮班工作相关的睡眠问题。将体育活动纳入轮班工作者的生活方式很困难，因为他们的家庭责任和饮食习惯已经被打乱。需要一种多研究策略来确定减少与轮班工作相关睡眠问题的体育活动的最佳量和时间。鉴于最近报道的短睡眠时间与肥胖之间的关联，睡眠、运动和饮食之间的关系也很重要。还应考虑运动时间的心血管安全性，因为最近的数据表明，一般身体活动变化时血压的反应性在早晨最高。这个时间段总体上与突发心脏事件风险增加相关，但需要更多的研究工作来区分光线、姿势和运动本身对夜间睡眠和白天午睡后睡眠及身体活动的血流动力学反应的影响。
