Robson Alice, Collinson Ian
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
EMBO Rep. 2006 Nov;7(11):1099-103. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400832.
Proteins synthesized in the cytosol either remain there or are localized to a specific membrane and subsequently translocated to another cellular compartment. These extracytosolic proteins have to cross, or be inserted into, a phospholipid bilayer-a process governed by membrane-bound protein transporters designed to recognize and receive appropriate polypeptides and thread them through the membrane. One such translocation complex, SecY/Sec61, is found in every cell, in either the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes. Recent structural findings, combined with previous genetic and biochemical studies, have helped to describe how the passage of proteins through the membrane might occur, but several points of uncertainty remain.
在细胞质中合成的蛋白质要么留在那里，要么定位于特定的膜上，随后转移到另一个细胞区室。这些胞外蛋白必须穿过或插入磷脂双分子层——这一过程由膜结合蛋白转运体控制，该转运体旨在识别并接收合适的多肽，并将它们穿过膜。一种这样的转运复合物，即SecY/Sec61，存在于每个细胞中，存在于细菌和古细菌的质膜中，或真核生物的内质网膜中。最近的结构研究结果，结合以前的遗传和生化研究，有助于描述蛋白质如何穿过膜，但仍有几个不确定点。
