Greiner Alexander N, Meltzer Eli O
Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center and the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Nov;118(5):985-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.029. Epub 2006 Sep 18.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNAR) represent conditions affecting millions of individuals across the world. Although the diagnosis of AR might be presumptively based on the types of symptoms and the history of allergen triggers, confirmation requires documentation of specific IgE reactivity. In contrast, PNAR is a condition with similar symptomatology but in which the patient has no identifiable specific allergic sensitivities. This review presents the diverse options of currently available pharmacologic agents for the treatment of AR and PNAR, including intranasal corticosteroids, H1-antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, antileukotrienes, anticholinergics, capsaicin, anti-IgE, and intranasal saline. Furthermore, appropriate stepped-up, stepped-down pharmacotherapeutic algorithms are described for the various forms of rhinitis.
变应性鼻炎（AR）和常年性非变应性鼻炎（PNAR）是影响全球数百万人的疾病。虽然AR的诊断可能基于症状类型和过敏原触发史进行推测，但确诊需要有特异性IgE反应性的记录。相比之下，PNAR是一种具有相似症状的疾病，但患者没有可识别的特异性过敏敏感性。本综述介绍了目前可用于治疗AR和PNAR的多种药物选择，包括鼻用糖皮质激素、H1抗组胺药、减充血剂、色甘酸钠、白三烯拮抗剂、抗胆碱能药物、辣椒素、抗IgE和鼻用生理盐水。此外，还描述了针对各种鼻炎形式的适当的逐步升级、逐步降级药物治疗方案。
