兽医学中健康与疾病的概念化
The conceptualisation of health and disease in veterinary medicine.
作者信息
Gunnarsson Stefan
机构信息
Section of Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skara, Sweden.
出版信息
Acta Vet Scand. 2006 Nov 7;48(1):20. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-48-20.
BACKGROUND
The concept of health, as well as the concept of disease, is central in veterinary medicine. However, the definitions "health" and "disease" are not generally acknowledged by veterinarians. The aim of this study was to examine how the concepts "health" and "disease" are defined in veterinary textbooks.
METHODS
Veterinary textbooks in several disciplines were investigated, but only textbooks with explicit definitions of the concepts were selected for examination.
RESULTS
Eighty out of the 500 relevant books within veterinary medicine were written for non-veterinarians. Eight percent of the books had an explicit definition of health and/or disease. More frequently, textbooks written for non veterinarians did have definitions of health or disease, compared to textbooks written for professionals. A division of health definitions in five different categories was suggested, namely: 1. Health as normality, 2. Health as biological function, 3. Health as homeostasis, 4. Health as physical and psychological well-being and 5. Health as productivity including reproduction.
CONCLUSION
Few veterinary textbooks had any health or disease definition at all. Furthermore, explicit definitions of health stated by the authors seemed to have little impact on how health and disease are handled within the profession. Veterinary medicine would probably gain from theoretical discussions about health and disease.
背景
健康概念以及疾病概念在兽医学中至关重要。然而，兽医们对“健康”和“疾病”的定义并未普遍达成共识。本研究的目的是探讨兽医学教材中如何定义“健康”和“疾病”概念。
方法
对多个学科的兽医学教材进行了调查，但仅选择了对这些概念有明确界定的教材进行研究。
结果
兽医学领域内500本相关书籍中，有80本是为非兽医人员编写的。8%的书籍对健康和/或疾病有明确的定义。与为专业人员编写的教材相比，为非兽医人员编写的教材更常对健康或疾病进行定义。建议将健康定义分为五个不同类别，即：1. 健康即正常状态；2. 健康即生物学功能；3. 健康即内稳态；4. 健康即身体和心理的幸福状态；5. 健康即包括繁殖在内的生产力。
结论
很少有兽医学教材对健康或疾病进行定义。此外，作者给出的健康明确定义似乎对该行业内如何处理健康和疾病问题影响甚微。兽医学可能会从有关健康和疾病的理论讨论中受益。
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