Montén Ulrika, Wennström Jan L, Ramberg Per
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Dec;33(12):863-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01005.x.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of the use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) on the periodontal conditions of adolescents.
A subject sample of one hundred and three 19-year-old male individuals (33 snuff users, 70 controls) living in Göteborg, Sweden, were clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and gingival recession. Bitewing radiographs were obtained for assessments of alveolar bone level. Information about tobacco and oral hygiene habits was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Student 's t-test, chi(2)-test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.
The mean plaque and gingivitis scores in snuff-users were 59% (SD 21.0) and 47% (18.6), respectively, and in controls 64% (22.4) and 50% (18.3), respectively. The average PPD and CAL in snuff-users amounted to 2.3 mm (0.3) and 0.2 mm (0.1), respectively, and in controls 2.4 mm (0.3) and 0.1 mm (0.1) (p>0.05), respectively. The mean bone level was 1.3 mm (0.2) in both groups. The prevalence of subjects showing recession was 42% among snuff-users and 17% among controls (p=0.006). In snuff users, an average of 4% (0.9) of the teeth showed recession, compared with 1% (0.3) in controls (p<0.001). Limiting the analysis to the maxillary anterior tooth region, 33% of the snuff-users and 10% of the controls presented recessions (p=0.002). The use of snuff entailed an OR=5.1 to have gingival recessions.
In the present population sample of adolescents, the use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) was not associated with the presence of periodontal disease except for a significantly high prevalence of gingival recessions.
本研究旨在评估使用无烟烟草（湿鼻烟）与青少年牙周状况之间的潜在关联。
对居住在瑞典哥德堡的103名19岁男性个体（33名鼻烟使用者，70名对照者）进行了临床检查，内容包括口腔卫生、牙龈炎、探诊深度（PPD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）和牙龈退缩。拍摄咬合翼片以评估牙槽骨水平。通过结构化问卷获取有关烟草和口腔卫生习惯的信息。采用学生t检验、卡方检验和逻辑回归分析进行统计分析。
鼻烟使用者的菌斑和牙龈炎平均得分分别为59%（标准差21.0）和47%（18.6），对照者分别为64%（22.4）和50%（18.3）。鼻烟使用者的平均PPD和CAL分别为2.3毫米（0.3）和0.2毫米（0.1），对照者分别为2.4毫米（0.3）和0.1毫米（0.1）（p>0.05）。两组的平均骨水平均为1.3毫米（0.2）。牙龈退缩的受试者患病率在鼻烟使用者中为42%，在对照者中为17%（p=0.006）。在鼻烟使用者中，平均4%（0.9）的牙齿出现牙龈退缩，而对照者中为1%（0.3）（p<0.001）。将分析局限于上颌前牙区域，33%的鼻烟使用者和10%的对照者出现牙龈退缩（p=0.002）。使用鼻烟导致牙龈退缩的比值比（OR）为5.1。
在目前的青少年人群样本中，除牙龈退缩患病率显著较高外，使用无烟烟草（湿鼻烟）与牙周疾病的存在无关。
