Robertson P B, Walsh M, Greene J, Ernster V, Grady D, Hauck W
Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
J Periodontol. 1990 Jul;61(7):438-43. doi: 10.1902/jop.1990.61.7.438.
This report describes periodontal findings from a comprehensive study of smokeless tobacco use in professional baseball players. Subjects consisted of 1,094 players, coaches, and training staff of seven major league and their associated minor league teams. Before being examined, subjects completed questionnaires on patterns of smokeless tobacco use (validated by blood chemistry studies), rinsed their mouths under supervision, and were cautioned not to discuss their use of tobacco with the dental examiners. They then received a complete oral examination that included recording of all mucosal abnormalities, missing teeth, caries, extrinsic stain, attrition, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, pocket depth, attachment loss, and gingival recession. More than 50% of team members reported using smokeless tobacco, and 39% reported use during the current week. Among current week users, 46% had oral mucosal lesions, located primarily in the mandible at sites where the smokeless tobacco quid was placed. The use of smokeless tobacco was not necessarily associated with severe forms of periodontal disease, and the presence of poor oral hygiene and gingivitis in these users was not related to the development of oral lesions. However, sites adjacent to mucosal lesions in smokeless tobacco users showed significantly greater recession and attachment loss than in sites not adjacent to lesions in users or comparable sites in non-users.
本报告描述了一项针对职业棒球运动员使用无烟烟草的综合研究中的牙周病学研究结果。研究对象包括七个大联盟及其附属小联盟球队的1094名球员、教练和训练人员。在接受检查之前，研究对象完成了关于无烟烟草使用模式的问卷调查（通过血液化学研究验证），在监督下漱口，并被提醒不要与牙科检查人员讨论他们的烟草使用情况。然后，他们接受了全面的口腔检查，包括记录所有黏膜异常、牙齿缺失、龋齿、外源性染色、磨损、菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙周袋深度、附着丧失和牙龈退缩。超过50%的队员报告使用无烟烟草，39%报告在当前一周使用。在当前一周的使用者中，46%有口腔黏膜病变，主要位于放置无烟烟草块的下颌部位。无烟烟草的使用不一定与严重形式的牙周病相关，这些使用者口腔卫生差和患牙龈炎的情况与口腔病变的发展无关。然而，无烟烟草使用者中与黏膜病变相邻的部位比使用者中与病变不相邻的部位或非使用者的类似部位显示出明显更大的牙龈退缩和附着丧失。
