Zhou Qiao-juan, Shi Bing, Shi Zong-dao, Zheng Qian, Wang Yan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Dental School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2006 Oct 20;119(20):1695-700.
Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are two of the most frequent congenital malformations. Many epidemiologic studies on this deformity have been conducted worldwide, often producing inconsistent results. This study assessed epidemiology and some genetic aspects of cleft lip and palate in a Chinese sample from the Smile Train Program and to compare with other methodologically sound surveys.
The general information, family history, classification of cleft and associated malformations of 8000 CL and CP surgery patients were analyzed.
Of the 8000 cases, 7812 had complete data. The distribution of cleft types is 17.04% with CP, 23.39% with CL and 59.58% with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Unilateral clefts were more common than bilateral, with unilateral to bilateral ratios being 10.4:1 for CL, and 3.42:1 for CLP. The overall male:female ratio was 2.01:1. Left sided defects were more common than right sided regardless of sex, 1.90:1 for CL and 1.96:1 for CLP. CLP and CL were more common in males than in females with sex ratios (SR) of 2.88:1 and 1.85:1 respectively, whereas CP was more common in females with SR of 0.76:1. Associated malformations (2.89%), involved 29 CP cases, 41 CL and 156 CLP. The frequency of associated malformations in CLP (3.35%) was higher than CL (2.24%) and CP (2.22%) (P < 0.05). Patients with CP or CLP were born less often in the winter than in the summer (P < 0.05). A history of family members having clefts occurred in 6.84% of patients. The proportion of CLP cases (7.56%) was significantly higher than that of CL cases (5.64%) (P < 0.05).
The different types of clefts appeared in the highest proportion in CLP and lowest proportion in CP. Males are more common with CL and CLP and less common with CP. These characteristics are the same as those of other Chinese surveys but different from some European reports.
唇裂（CL）和腭裂（CP）是最常见的两种先天性畸形。全球已针对这种畸形开展了许多流行病学研究，但结果往往不一致。本研究评估了微笑列车项目中一个中国样本的唇腭裂流行病学及一些遗传方面，并与其他方法合理的调查进行比较。
分析了8000例唇腭裂手术患者的一般信息、家族史、腭裂分类及相关畸形情况。
8000例病例中，7812例有完整数据。腭裂类型分布为：单纯腭裂占17.04%，单纯唇裂占23.39%，唇腭裂占59.58%。单侧裂比双侧裂更常见，唇裂的单侧与双侧比例为10.4:1，唇腭裂为3.42:1。总体男女比例为2.01:1。无论性别，左侧缺陷比右侧更常见，唇裂为1.90:1，唇腭裂为1.96:1。唇腭裂和唇裂在男性中比女性更常见，性别比分别为2.88:1和1.85:1，而腭裂在女性中更常见，性别比为0.76:1。相关畸形（2.89%）涉及29例腭裂、41例唇裂和156例唇腭裂。唇腭裂中相关畸形的发生率（3.35%）高于唇裂（2.24%）和腭裂（2.22%）（P<0.05）。腭裂或唇腭裂患者出生在冬季的频率低于夏季（P<0.05）。6.84%的患者有家庭成员患唇腭裂的病史。唇腭裂病例的比例（7.56%）显著高于唇裂病例（5.64%）（P<0.05）。
不同类型的腭裂在唇腭裂中出现的比例最高，在单纯腭裂中最低。男性中唇裂和唇腭裂更常见，腭裂则较少见。这些特征与其他中国调查的结果相同，但与一些欧洲报告不同。
