Parani Madasamy, Rudrabhatla Sairam, Myers Rachel, Weirich Heatherbea, Smith Bruce, Leaman Douglas W, Goldman Stephen L
Plant Science Research Center, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2004 Jul;2(4):359-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00085.x.
Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important signalling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. In the current study, changes in gene expression in response to 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, were studied in Arabidopsis using the whole genome ATH1 microarray, representing over 24,000 genes. We observed 342 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in response to NO treatments. These included 126 novel genes with unknown functions. Most of these changes were specific to NO treatment, as we observed a reverse trend when the plants were treated with NO scavenger, 2-[4-carboxyphenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Hierarchical clustering revealed 162 genes showing a dose-dependent increase in signal from 0.1 mm SNP to 1.0 mm SNP treatment. We observed the up-regulation of several genes encoding disease-resistance proteins, WRKY proteins, transcription factors, zinc finger proteins, glutathione S-transferases, ABC transporters, kinases and biosynthetic genes of ethylene, jasmonic acid, lignin and alkaloids. This report provides an insight into the molecular basis for the seemingly diverse biological functions of NO in plants. Interestingly, about 2.0% of the genes in Arabidopsis responded to NO treatment, about 10% of which were transcription factors. NO may also influence the plant's signal transduction network as indicated by the transcriptional activation of several protein kinases, including a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. We identified many genes previously not shown to be associated with NO responses in plants, and this is the first report of NO responsive genes based on a whole genome microarray.
一氧化氮（NO）正成为一种在植物中具有多种生理功能的重要信号分子。在本研究中，我们使用代表超过24000个基因的全基因组ATH1芯片，研究了拟南芥中响应0.1 mM和1.0 mM硝普钠（SNP，一种NO供体）时基因表达的变化。我们观察到，响应NO处理时，有342个基因上调，80个基因下调。其中包括126个功能未知的新基因。这些变化大多是NO处理所特有的，因为当用NO清除剂2-[4-羧基苯基]-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-氧基-3-氧化物（c-PTIO）处理植物时，我们观察到了相反的趋势。层次聚类显示，有162个基因在从0.1 mM SNP处理到1.0 mM SNP处理时信号呈剂量依赖性增加。我们观察到几个编码抗病蛋白、WRKY蛋白、转录因子、锌指蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、ABC转运蛋白、激酶以及乙烯、茉莉酸、木质素和生物碱生物合成基因的基因上调。本报告深入探讨了NO在植物中看似多样的生物学功能的分子基础。有趣的是，拟南芥中约2.0%的基因对NO处理有反应，其中约10%是转录因子。正如几种蛋白激酶（包括丝裂原活化蛋白（MAP）激酶）的转录激活所表明的，NO也可能影响植物的信号转导网络。我们鉴定出许多以前未显示与植物中NO反应相关的基因，这是基于全基因组芯片的NO响应基因的首次报告。
