Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 7;22(2):522. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020522.
Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, -gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.
植物与环境限制因素之间存在持续的冲突，而它们的固着特性要求有一个精细设计的防御机制，以应对多种生物和非生物的攻击。因此，植物已经发展出了先天免疫、基因介导的抗性和系统获得性抗性，以确保它们的生存。转录因子（TFs）是调节基因表达和其他一些生物学过程的最重要的遗传成分之一。它们结合到 DNA 中称为转录因子结合位点（TFBSs）的特定序列上，这些序列存在于基因的调控区域中。根据环境条件的不同，TFs 可以增强或抑制转录过程。在过去的几十年中，一氧化氮（NO）作为信号转导和调节生物过程的关键分子而出现。在这里，我们综述了植物防御系统、TFs 在介导防御反应中的作用，以及 NO 如何能够操纵转录变化，包括 TFs 的直接翻译后修饰。我们还提出，NO 可能通过调节转录过程中 RNA 聚合酶的募集来调节基因表达。
