Kunisue Tatsuya, Nakanishi Shigeyuki, Oka Nariko, Sato Fumio, Tsurumi Miyako, Tanabe Shinsuke
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Nov 15;40(22):6919-27. doi: 10.1021/es061153a.
Concentrations of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), were determined in eggs, nestlings, and adults of black-footed albatross (BfA; Diomedea nigripes) and short-tailed albatross (StA; Diomedea albatrus) collected from the Torishima Island in Japan during 2002, which is one of their breeding grounds. Observed DRC concentrations, especially PCDFs and non-ortho Co-PCBs, in eggs of BfA and StA were relatively higher than those in other oceanic, coastal, and inland wild birds reported recently and were comparable to those in a pooled BfA egg from Midway Atoll in 1993, implying continuous input of these contaminants into open ocean and possible albatross-specific exposure. Concentrations of PCDDs except 12378-P5CDD and high-chlorinated PCDFs in 3-month-old BfA nestling were lowerthan those in 1-month-old nestling, indicating their developmental dilution. On the other hand, higher levels of T4-H6CDFs and Co-PCBs, especially low-chlorinated congeners such as 2378-T4CDF and T4CB77, were found in 3-month-old BfA nestling, suggesting specific exposure to these contaminants, possibly due to their higher transportability than high-chlorinated congeners. Estimated biomagnification factors of almost all the congeners in adults were apparently greater than those in nestlings, except 2378-T4CDF, T4CB77, and H7-O8-CDD/Fs. This could be due to preferential metabolism of 2378-T4CDF and T4CB77 and lower uptake efficiency of high-chlorinated congeners through the gastrointestinal tract in adults. Toxic equivalents in BfA and StA eggs estimated using WHO-avian toxic equivalency factors exceeded some toxicity thresholds for avian embryos, indicating possible adverse effects of DRCs to albatross embryos.
2002年，在日本鸟岛（黑脚信天翁和短尾信天翁的繁殖地之一）采集了黑脚信天翁（BfA；黑脚信天翁属）和短尾信天翁（StA；短尾信天翁属）的卵、雏鸟和成鸟样本，测定了其中二噁英及相关化合物（DRCs）的浓度，如多氯代二苯并 - p - 二噁英（PCDDs）、多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）和共平面多氯联苯（Co - PCBs）。观察到黑脚信天翁和短尾信天翁卵中的DRC浓度，尤其是PCDFs和非邻位Co - PCBs，相对高于最近报道的其他海洋、沿海和内陆野生鸟类，与1993年从中途岛采集的黑脚信天翁混合卵中的浓度相当，这意味着这些污染物持续输入到公海，并且信天翁可能存在特定暴露。3月龄黑脚信天翁雏鸟中除12378 - P5CDD和高氯代PCDFs外的PCDDs浓度低于1月龄雏鸟，表明其在发育过程中被稀释。另一方面，在3月龄黑脚信天翁雏鸟中发现了较高水平的T4 - H6CDFs和Co - PCBs，尤其是低氯代同系物，如2378 - T4CDF和T4CB77，这表明其对这些污染物存在特定暴露，可能是由于它们比高氯代同系物具有更高的迁移性。除2378 - T4CDF、T4CB77和H7 - O8 - CDD/Fs外，几乎所有同系物在成鸟中的生物放大系数明显大于雏鸟。这可能是由于2378 - T4CDF和T4CB77的优先代谢以及成鸟胃肠道对高氯代同系物的摄取效率较低。使用世界卫生组织鸟类毒性当量因子估算的黑脚信天翁和短尾信天翁卵中的毒性当量超过了一些鸟类胚胎的毒性阈值，表明DRCs可能对信天翁胚胎产生不利影响。
