Mace Sharon E, Jones Jaszmine T, Bern Andrew I
Department of Emergency Medicine, Observation Unit, Pediatric Education/Quality Improvement, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 2007 Jan-Mar;11(1):30-5. doi: 10.1080/10903120601023396.
To determine the prevalence and types of disasters on which Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) teams have been deployed.
This descriptive study used the websites of the 42 DMAT teams in the United States with information confirmed by NDMS websites for a historical analysis of DMAT team deployment. All 42 DMAT teams were included in the analysis from 1985 through 2002. One DMAT team did not have a website, so they were contacted by phone.
From 1985 through 2002 DMAT teams were deployed for 50 disasters: 41 natural (41/50=82%), and 9 man-made disasters (9/50=18%). Of the 41 natural disasters, there were 17 hurricanes/tropical storms (17/41=41.6%), 10 floods (10/41=24.3%), 7 earthquakes (7/41=17.0%), 4 fires (4/41=9.8%), 2 blizzards/ice storms (2/41=4.9%), and 1 tornado (1/41=2.4%). Of the 9 man-made disasters, there were 3 terrorist attacks (3/9=33.3%), 2 epidemics (2/9=22.2%), 2 plane crashes (2/9=22.2%), 1 fire (1/9=11.1%) and 1 relief mission (1/9=11.1%). Of the 8 disasters outside of the United States, there were 4 earthquakes (4/8=50%), 2 tropical storms (2/8=25%), 1 wildfire (1/8=12.5%) and 1 relief mission (1/8=12.5%). There were also numerous "stand-by" deployments.
The majority (over 80%) of DMAT team deployments from 1985 through 2002 were for natural disasters, although there has been an increase in "man-made" disasters in recent years with terrorist attacks being the most frequent man-made disaster. DMAT teams have also been deployed on missions outside the United States, most often responding to earthquakes and secondly for hurricanes/tropical storms. There has been a prevalence of "water-related" natural disasters including hurricanes/tropical storms and floods, which accounted for three fourths of all natural disasters (25/34=73.5%) and about two thirds of all (natural and man-made) disasters (25/43=59.5%) in the United States over an 18 year period. Recent events including hurricane Katrina suggest that our finding of a prevalence of "water-related" natural disasters is a reliable trend. In the future, DMAT teams need to be prepared to function in a variety of disasters, both natural and man-made, although resources and planning must include "water-related" disasters because they comprise the majority of disasters in the United States.
确定已部署灾难医疗援助团队（DMAT）的灾害的发生率和类型。
这项描述性研究利用美国42支DMAT团队的网站，并经国家灾难医疗系统（NDMS）网站确认信息，对DMAT团队的部署情况进行历史分析。纳入分析的是1985年至2002年期间所有42支DMAT团队。有一支DMAT团队没有网站，因此通过电话与其联系。
1985年至2002年期间，DMAT团队被部署应对50起灾害：41起自然灾害（41/50 = 82%），9起人为灾害（9/50 = 18%）。在41起自然灾害中，有17起飓风/热带风暴（17/41 = 41.6%），10起洪水（10/41 = 24.3%），7起地震（7/41 = 17.0%），4起火灾（4/41 = 9.8%），2起暴风雪/冰暴（2/41 = 4.9%），以及1起龙卷风（1/41 = 2.4%）。在9起人为灾害中，有3起恐怖袭击（3/9 = 33.3%），2起流行病（2/9 = 22.2%），2起飞机坠毁（2/9 = 22.2%），1起火灾（1/9 = 11.1%）和1次救援任务（1/9 = 11.1%）。在美国境外的8起灾害中，有4起地震（4/8 = 50%），2起热带风暴（2/8 = 25%），1起野火（1/8 = 12.5%）和1次救援任务（1/8 = 12.5%）。此外还有多次“待命”部署。
1985年至2002年期间，DMAT团队的部署大多数（超过80%）是应对自然灾害，尽管近年来“人为”灾害有所增加，其中恐怖袭击是最常见的人为灾害。DMAT团队也被部署到美国境外执行任务，最常应对地震，其次是飓风/热带风暴。“与水相关”的自然灾害很普遍，包括飓风/热带风暴和洪水，在18年期间占美国所有自然灾害的四分之三（25/34 = 73.5%），约占所有（自然和人为）灾害的三分之二（25/43 = 59.5%）。包括卡特里娜飓风在内的近期事件表明，我们关于“与水相关”自然灾害普遍存在的发现是一个可靠的趋势。未来，DMAT团队需要做好准备在各种自然和人为灾害中发挥作用，尽管资源和规划必须包括“与水相关”的灾害，因为它们在美国的灾害中占大多数。
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