Vanbeselaere Norbert, Boen Filip, Van Avermaet Eddy, Buelens Herman
Laboratory of Experimental Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
J Soc Psychol. 2006 Dec;146(6):685-99. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.146.6.685-699.
The authors examined the impact of power on in-group bias by manipulating group members' power over the in-group and power over the out-group as orthogonal factors. Each factor had 3 levels: 0%, 50%, and 100%. Participants were 216 male pupils (12-13 years old). Participants showed no in-group bias when they had 0% control over the in-group, strong in-group bias with 50% control, but less in-group bias with 100% control. Participants showed more in-group bias when they had 0% control over the out-group than when they had 50% or 100% control. The combination of these 2 main effects resulted in the noblesse oblige effect: Group members with complete control over both in-group and out-group expressed less in-group bias than did group members who shared control with an out-group.
作者通过将小组成员对组内的权力和对组外的权力作为正交因素进行操纵，研究了权力对组内偏见的影响。每个因素有三个水平：0%、50%和100%。参与者为216名男性小学生（12 - 13岁）。当参与者对组内的控制权为0%时，他们没有表现出组内偏见；当控制权为50%时，表现出强烈的组内偏见；而当控制权为100%时，组内偏见则较少。当参与者对组外的控制权为0%时，比控制权为50%或100%时表现出更多的组内偏见。这两种主要效应的结合产生了贵族行为理应高尚效应：对组内和组外都有完全控制权的小组成员比与组外共享控制权的小组成员表现出更少的组内偏见。
