University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1900, USA.
J Pers. 2012 Apr;80(2):313-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00734.x. Epub 2012 Feb 18.
Scholars who examine the psychological effects of power have often argued that possessing power shapes individual behavior because it instills an elevated sense of power. However, little is known about the personal sense of power because very few studies have examined it empirically. In studies involving a total of 1,141 participants and nine different samples, we found that the personal sense of power was coherent within social contexts; for example, individuals who believed that they can get their way in a group also believed that they can influence fellow group members' attitudes and opinions. The personal sense of power was also moderately consistent across relationships but showed considerable relationship specificity; for example, individuals' personal sense of power vis-à-vis their friend tended to be distinct but moderately related to their personal sense of power vis-à-vis their parent. And the personal sense of power was affected not only by sociostructural factors (e.g., social position, status) but also by personality variables such as dominance.
学者们研究权力对心理的影响时常常认为，权力会改变个体的行为方式，因为它会让人产生一种权力感的提升。然而，人们对个人权力感知之甚少，因为很少有研究从实证的角度对其进行检验。在涉及 1141 名参与者和 9 个不同样本的研究中，我们发现个人权力感在社会环境中是一致的；例如，那些认为自己在群体中能够随心所欲的人，也认为自己可以影响其他群体成员的态度和意见。个人权力感在人际关系中也具有一定的一致性，但表现出相当大的关系特殊性；例如，个体相对于朋友的个人权力感往往是独特的，但与相对于父母的个人权力感有一定的关系。个人权力感不仅受到社会结构因素（如社会地位、地位）的影响，还受到个性变量（如支配力）的影响。
