Fatima M, Mandiki S N M, Douxfils J, Silvestre F, Coppe P, Kestemont P
Department of Biology (URBO), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Feb 28;81(2):159-67. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.013. Epub 2006 Dec 1.
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to a mixture of herbicides, namely atrazine, simazine, diuron, and isoproturon (ASDI) at a cumulative concentration of 50microg/l for 12 weeks. Control fish and exposed fish were sampled at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of exposure to observe the combined impact of herbicides on non-specific and specific mechanisms of immunity and antioxidant defenses. The antioxidant defenses were evaluated in haemopoietic organs and liver. ASDI-induced stress was reflected as a significant induction of superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in phagocytic cells of head kidney and spleen. In addition, plasma lysozyme activity was consistently high in the treatment group. Specific immunity was assessed by antibody titre responses following immunization of the fish with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). Antibody titre was reduced throughout the period of observation in ASDI-treated fish. This reduction was found to be significant at week 4 (p<0.05). Herbicide-exposed fish showed reduced resistance against pathogen invasion but remarkable enhancement in lysozyme activity. The ASDI-induced oxidative stress in spleen, kidney and liver was reflected as a change in the antioxidant enzyme activities in these vital organs of fish. Our data indicate that herbicides at concentrations present in water bodies in Europe cause immune suppression in goldfish.
将金鱼（Carassius auratus）暴露于除草剂混合物中，即阿特拉津、西玛津、敌草隆和异丙隆（ASDI），累积浓度为50微克/升，持续12周。在暴露的第4、8和12周对对照鱼和暴露鱼进行采样，以观察除草剂对免疫和抗氧化防御的非特异性和特异性机制的综合影响。在造血器官和肝脏中评估抗氧化防御。ASDI诱导的应激表现为头肾和脾脏吞噬细胞中超氧化物（O(2)(-)）产生的显著诱导。此外，治疗组血浆溶菌酶活性持续较高。通过用绵羊红细胞（SRBCs）免疫鱼后的抗体滴度反应评估特异性免疫。在观察期内，ASDI处理的鱼的抗体滴度持续降低。在第4周发现这种降低具有显著性（p<0.05）。暴露于除草剂的鱼对病原体入侵的抵抗力降低，但溶菌酶活性显著增强。ASDI在脾脏、肾脏和肝脏中诱导的氧化应激表现为这些鱼类重要器官中抗氧化酶活性的变化。我们的数据表明，欧洲水体中存在的浓度的除草剂会导致金鱼免疫抑制。
