Czepita Damian, Zejmo Maria, Mojsa Artur
Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2007 Jan;27(1):60-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00419.x.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in a population of Polish schoolchildren.
A total of 4422 students were examined (2107 boys and 2315 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.1, S.D. 3.5). The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia induced with 1% tropicamide. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) of at least -0.5 dioptres (D), and hyperopia as a SE of at least +1.0 D. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and chi-squared test; p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
It was observed that 13.3% of Polish students in the age group ranging from 6 to 18 years were myopic while 13.1% of students were hyperopic. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the prevalence of myopia and age (p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between prevalence of hyperopia and age (p < 0.001). It was observed that the prevalence of myopia increases substantially between 7 and 8 years of age (p < 0.01). Moreover, it was determined that with age the average refractive error among schoolchildren becomes more myopic (p < 0.001).
The occurrence, degree and progress of myopia and hyperopia in Poland is similar to that in other European countries with a predominantly Caucasian population.
本研究旨在确定波兰学童群体中近视和远视的患病率。
共检查了4422名学生（2107名男生和2315名女生，年龄6 - 18岁，平均年龄11.1岁，标准差3.5）。检查包括使用1%托吡卡胺散瞳后的视网膜检影。近视定义为球镜当量（SE）至少为-0.5屈光度（D），远视定义为SE至少为+1.0 D。使用Spearman等级相关系数和卡方检验进行数据分析；p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
观察到6至18岁年龄组的波兰学生中13.3%为近视，而13.1%的学生为远视。此外，发现近视患病率与年龄呈正相关（p < 0.001），远视患病率与年龄呈负相关（p < 0.001）。观察到近视患病率在7至8岁之间大幅上升（p < 0.01）。此外，确定随着年龄增长，学童的平均屈光不正变得更近视（p < 0.001）。
波兰近视和远视的发生、程度及进展与其他主要为白种人的欧洲国家相似。
