性别在屈光不正发生中的作用。

Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors.

作者信息

Czepita Damian, Mojsa Artur, Ustianowska Maria, Czepita Maciej, Lachowicz Ewelina

机构信息

Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej w Szczecinie, Szczecin.

出版信息

Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2007;53(2):5-7.

PMID:18557370

Abstract

PURPOSE

The aim of the paper was to study the role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

5865 children from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools were examined (2845 boys, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.4, SD = 3.0 and 3020 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, SD = 3.3). The examined students were Caucasian and resided in and around Szczecin, Poland. The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia. The refractive error readings were reported as spherical equivalent (SE). Myopia was defined as SE of at least -0.5 D, hyperopia as SE of at least +1.0 D. Astigmatism was diagnosed when the difference in the refraction of axes in one eye was > 0.5 DC. Data analysis was performed using chi2 test. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

It was found that myopia occurs more frequently in girls (7.4%) than in boys (5.1%) - p < 0.001. Hyperopia occurs more frequently in boys (19.6%) than in girls (18.2%) - p < 0.001. A slightly higher prevalence of astigmatism in girls (1.9%) than in boys (1.5%) was also observed (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Gender influences the occurrence of myopia and hyperopia in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

摘要

目的

本文旨在研究性别在6至18岁学龄儿童屈光不正发生中的作用。

材料与方法

对来自小学、初中和高中的5865名儿童进行了检查（2845名男孩，年龄6至18岁，平均年龄11.4岁，标准差=3.0；3020名女孩，年龄6至18岁，平均年龄11.9岁，标准差=3.3）。受试学生为白种人，居住在波兰什切青及其周边地区。检查包括睫状肌麻痹下的检影验光。屈光不正读数报告为球镜当量（SE）。近视定义为SE至少为-0.5D，远视定义为SE至少为+1.0D。当一只眼睛的轴位屈光度差异>0.5DC时诊断为散光。采用卡方检验进行数据分析。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。