Moreira-Rosário André, Lanca Carla, Grzybowski Andrzej
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2025 May 22;54:101319. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101319. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Although myopia prevalence increased in East Asian countries, the burden of myopia in Europe is less known. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of myopia in Europe and at the country level.
We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify studies on myopia prevalence published until January 2024, regardless of language. We included European cross-sectional and cohort studies with defined sampling strategies and excluded clinical surveys, myopia registries, self-reported near-sightedness, and non-representative populations. Pooled prevalence was estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q (χ test) and the I statistic. The study protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42023471527).
We screened 2074 records and included 22 studies (from 14 European countries; n = 128,012) in the meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of myopia was 23.5% (95% CI: 18.5-29.3; I = 99.7%), ranging from 11.9% in Finland to 49.7% in Sweden. In cycloplegic studies, myopia prevalence was 18.9% (95% CI: 13.2-26.5%; I = 99.7%) vs. 31.2% (95% CI: 24.9-38.3%; I = 99.3%) in non-cycloplegic studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses exploring sources of heterogeneity showed a lower prevalence in children (6-11 years; 5.5%) compared with adolescents (12-17 years; 25.2%) and adults (18-39 years; 24.3%) in cycloplegic studies. No significant differences in prevalence were observed between sexes. Myopia prevalence increased significantly between 2000-2010 and 2011-2022 (p = 0.040), although age-specific trends remained stable.
Myopia prevalence in Europe is lower than in Asia, with a less pronounced increase that disappears after stratifying by cycloplegic refraction and age. These findings highlight the need for age-specific data and cycloplegic refraction in future studies to reduce heterogeneity. Uneven country representation may limit the generalisability of these results.
The present publication was funded by Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia, IP national support through UID/04923-Comprehensive Health Research Centre.
尽管东亚国家近视患病率有所上升，但欧洲近视负担的情况鲜为人知。我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以估计欧洲及各国近视的患病率。
我们检索了PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science，以确定截至2024年1月发表的关于近视患病率的研究，不限语言。我们纳入了采用明确抽样策略的欧洲横断面研究和队列研究，排除了临床调查、近视登记处、自我报告的近视情况以及非代表性人群。使用随机效应模型估计合并患病率。使用Cochran's Q（χ检验）和I统计量评估异质性。该研究方案已在PROSPERO（CRD42023471527）中预先注册。
我们筛选了2074条记录，并在荟萃分析中纳入了22项研究（来自14个欧洲国家；n = 128,012）。近视的合并患病率为23.5%（95%置信区间：18.5 - 29.3；I = 99.7%），范围从芬兰的11.9%到瑞典的49.7%。在使用睫状肌麻痹剂的研究中，近视患病率为18.9%（95%置信区间：13.2 - 26.5%；I = 99.7%），而在未使用睫状肌麻痹剂的研究中为31.2%（95%置信区间：24.9 - 38.3%；I = 99.3%）。探索异质性来源的亚组分析和荟萃回归分析显示，在使用睫状肌麻痹剂的研究中，儿童（6 - 11岁；5.5%）的患病率低于青少年（12 - 17岁；25.2%）和成年人（18 - 39岁；24.3%）。未观察到性别之间患病率的显著差异。2000 - 2010年至2011 - 2022年期间近视患病率显著上升（p = 0.040），尽管按年龄分层的趋势保持稳定。
欧洲的近视患病率低于亚洲，上升趋势不那么明显，在按睫状肌麻痹验光和年龄分层后这种趋势消失。这些发现凸显了在未来研究中获取按年龄分层的数据和使用睫状肌麻痹验光以减少异质性的必要性。各国代表性不均衡可能会限制这些结果的普遍性。
本出版物由葡萄牙科学技术基金会通过UID/04923 - 综合健康研究中心提供国家支持资助。
