Russell Darryl L, Robker Rebecca L
Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Hum Reprod Update. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):289-312. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dml062. Epub 2007 Jan 22.
Successful ovulation requires that developmentally competent oocytes are released with appropriate timing from the ovarian follicle. Somatic cells of the follicle sense the ovulatory stimulus and guide resumption of meiosis and release of the oocyte, as well as structural remodelling and luteinization of the follicle. Complex intercellular communication co-ordinates critical stages of oocyte maturation and links this process with release from the follicle. To achieve these outcomes, ovulation is controlled through multiple inputs, including endocrine hormones, immune and metabolic signals, as well as intrafollicular paracrine factors from the theca, mural and cumulus granulosa cells and the oocyte itself. This review focuses on the recent advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms that commence after the gonadotrophin surge and culminate with release of the oocyte. These mechanisms include intracellular signalling, gene regulation and remodelling of tissue structure in each of the distinct ovarian compartments. Most critical ovulatory mediators exert effects through the cumulus cell complex that surrounds and connects with the oocyte. The convergence of ovulatory signals through the cumulus complex co-ordinates the key mechanistic processes that mediate and control oocyte maturation and ovulation.
成功排卵需要发育能力合格的卵母细胞在适当的时间从卵巢卵泡中释放出来。卵泡的体细胞感知排卵刺激，并引导减数分裂的恢复和卵母细胞的释放，以及卵泡的结构重塑和黄体化。复杂的细胞间通讯协调卵母细胞成熟的关键阶段，并将这一过程与从卵泡中释放联系起来。为了实现这些结果，排卵通过多种输入进行控制，包括内分泌激素、免疫和代谢信号，以及来自卵泡膜、壁层和卵丘颗粒细胞以及卵母细胞本身的卵泡内旁分泌因子。本综述重点关注在促性腺激素激增后开始并以卵母细胞释放为高潮的分子机制的最新进展。这些机制包括细胞内信号传导、基因调控以及每个不同卵巢区室中组织结构的重塑。大多数关键的排卵介质通过围绕并与卵母细胞相连的卵丘细胞复合体发挥作用。通过卵丘复合体的排卵信号汇聚协调了介导和控制卵母细胞成熟和排卵的关键机制过程。
