Kahrs R F
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977 Nov 15;171(10):1055-64.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a herpesvirus infection of cattle, has diverse clinical manifestations. Known mainly as a respiratory tract disease characterized by tracheitis, rhinitis, and fever, IBR plays a prominent role among causes of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and abortion. It also causes conjunctivitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, and rarely, encephalitis. The virus is readily transmitted and has worldwide distribution. Some cattle develop a latent infection, which can be reactivated. The disease can be diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions and by a variety of virologic and immunologic techniques. Control of IBR is based largely on vaccination. A review is timely because efficient utilization of the wide assortment of available vaccines requires knowledge of recent developments in the diagnosis, immunology, and epidemiology of the disease.
牛传染性鼻气管炎（IBR）是一种牛的疱疹病毒感染，有多种临床表现。IBR主要作为一种以气管炎、鼻炎和发热为特征的呼吸道疾病为人所知，在未分化牛呼吸道疾病和流产的病因中起着重要作用。它还会引起结膜炎、传染性脓疱性外阴阴道炎、龟头包皮炎，很少引起脑炎。该病毒易于传播，在全球范围内都有分布。一些牛会发生潜伏感染，这种感染可能会被重新激活。该病可通过临床症状和病变以及多种病毒学和免疫学技术进行诊断。IBR的防控主要基于疫苗接种。鉴于有效利用各种现有疫苗需要了解该疾病诊断、免疫学和流行病学方面的最新进展，进行一次综述很有必要。
