Tunzi Marc, Gray Gary R
Family Medicine Residency Program, Natividad Medical Center, Salinas, California 93912, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jan 15;75(2):211-8.
Common skin conditions during pregnancy generally can be separated into three categories: hormone-related, preexisting, and pregnancy-specific. Normal hormone changes during pregnancy may cause benign skin conditions including striae gravidarum (stretch marks); hyperpigmentation (e.g., melasma); and hair, nail, and vascular changes. Preexisting skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, fungal infections, cutaneous tumors) may change during pregnancy. Pregnancy-specific skin conditions include pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, prurigo of pregnancy, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, and pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy. Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy are the most common of these disorders. Most skin conditions resolve postpartum and only require symptomatic treatment. However, there are specific treatments for some conditions (e.g., melasma, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, impetigo herpetiformis, pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy). Antepartum surveillance is recommended for patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, impetigo herpetiformis, and pemphigoid gestationis.
激素相关型、既往存在型和孕期特发型。孕期正常的激素变化可能会导致一些良性皮肤状况,包括妊娠纹;色素沉着(如黄褐斑);以及毛发、指甲和血管的变化。既往存在的皮肤状况(如特应性皮炎、银屑病、真菌感染、皮肤肿瘤)在孕期可能会发生变化。孕期特有的皮肤状况包括妊娠性瘙痒性荨麻疹性丘疹和斑块、妊娠性痒疹、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、妊娠类天疱疮、疱疹样脓疱病和妊娠性瘙痒性毛囊炎。妊娠性瘙痒性荨麻疹性丘疹和斑块是这些病症中最常见的。大多数皮肤状况在产后会自行缓解,仅需对症治疗。然而,对于某些状况(如黄褐斑、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、疱疹样脓疱病、妊娠性瘙痒性毛囊炎)有特定的治疗方法。对于妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、疱疹样脓疱病和妊娠类天疱疮患者,建议进行产前监测。