Errickson C V, Matus N R
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
Am Fam Physician. 1994 Feb 15;49(3):605-10.
Skin disorders of pregnancy fall into three major groups: disorders due to physiologic changes, specific skin disorders of pregnancy, and skin tumors. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone stimulate melanogenesis, which causes hyperpigmentation, including melasma; high levels of circulating hormones also cause vascular changes and alter hair growth cycles. Specific skin disorders of pregnancy range from pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy and pruritus gravidarum, which are fairly common, to pemphigus gestationis and impetigo herpetiformis, which are rare. Common skin tumors in pregnant women include pyogenic granuloma, which occurs primarily in the gingiva, and molluscum fibrosum gravidarum, or skin tags. While the effect of pregnancy on malignant melanoma continues to be disputed, recent studies indicate that long-term survival is close to that in the general population, although the disease-free interval is reduced.
生理性变化引起的疾病、妊娠特有的皮肤疾病和皮肤肿瘤。雌激素和孕酮水平升高会刺激黑素生成，从而导致色素沉着，包括黄褐斑；高水平的循环激素还会引起血管变化并改变毛发生长周期。妊娠特有的皮肤疾病范围广泛，从相当常见的妊娠瘙痒性荨麻疹性丘疹和斑块以及妊娠瘙痒症，到罕见的妊娠天疱疮和疱疹样脓疱病。孕妇常见的皮肤肿瘤包括主要发生在牙龈的化脓性肉芽肿，以及妊娠纤维软疣或皮赘。虽然妊娠对恶性黑色素瘤的影响仍存在争议，但最近的研究表明，尽管无病间期缩短，但长期生存率与普通人群相近。
