Complement component 3 binding to Haemophilus influenzae type b in the presence of anticapsular and anti-outer membrane antibodies.

Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate [PRP]) or the outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) promote bactericidal activity, complement 3 (C3) binding, and ingestion by phagocytic cells. To assess the relative contribution of anti-OMP to host defense against Hib, we compared the opsonic activities of anti-PRP and anti-OMP as reflected by the amounts of C3 bound to the bacterial surface. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions containing either anti-PRP or anti-OMP were incubated with Hib in the presence of a C5-deficient complement source. C3, total IgG, and IgG subclasses bound to the bacteria were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The maximum amount of C3 which could be bound to Hib was greater in the presence of anti-PRP than in the presence of anti-OMP. Also, except at low IgG concentrations, the rate of increase in bound C3 as a function of increasing IgG concentration was greater for anti-PRP than for anti-OMP. Hib-bound anti-OMP consisted primarily of IgG1 and IgG3, whereas bound anti-PRP was primarily IgG1 and IgG2. Thus, the potential for C3 binding to Hib is greater in the presence of anti-PRP than in the presence of anti-OMP, probably because of the larger number of binding sites available to the former. Nonetheless, OMP appear to provide important targets for opsonic antibody and would be logical components of a PRP-conjugate vaccine or may be efficacious as vaccines against nontypeable H. influenzae.