Lee L Andrew, Wang Qian
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
Nanomedicine. 2006 Sep;2(3):137-49. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2006.07.009.
Nanosized materials (5-100 nm) with multiple functionalities (cell targeting, drug delivery, and bio-imaging) have emerged over the recent years as promising therapeutic agents. Liposomal carriers, amphiphilic co-polymers, silica-based particles, colloidal systems, and dendrimer clusters are among the many available nanoscale scaffolds that have been explored for medical applications such as gene delivery, bio-imaging, and drug delivery. On the other hand, viruses, ferritin, and other protein cages for ages have self-organized in the nanometer range with biologically relevant functionalities. These bio-inspired systems form monodispersed units that are highly amendable through genetic and chemical modifications. In this review the expansion of these protein-based nanosystems, termed bionanoparticles (BNPs), beyond their native functionalities, and their application as building materials for nanomedicine will be discussed. The recent developments of biology-inspired systems with potential medical applications will be outlined, with particular emphasis on adaptations of protein-based nanostructures for gene delivery, bio-imaging, drug encapsulation, and vaccine development. Notable systems already streamlined for medical applications are recombinant virus-like particles derived from human papillomaviruses as multivalent vaccine carriers to immunize patients against genital infections, and vaccinia viruses to treat patients with established cancers.
近年来，具有多种功能（细胞靶向、药物递送和生物成像）的纳米材料（5-100纳米）已成为有前景的治疗剂。脂质体载体、两亲性共聚物、二氧化硅基颗粒、胶体系统和树枝状聚合物簇是众多已被探索用于医学应用（如基因递送、生物成像和药物递送）的纳米级支架。另一方面，病毒、铁蛋白和其他蛋白质笼长期以来一直在纳米范围内自组装，具有生物学相关功能。这些受生物启发的系统形成单分散单元，可通过基因和化学修饰进行高度改良。在这篇综述中，将讨论这些基于蛋白质的纳米系统，即生物纳米颗粒（BNP），超越其天然功能的扩展，以及它们作为纳米医学建筑材料的应用。将概述具有潜在医学应用的受生物启发系统的最新进展，特别强调基于蛋白质的纳米结构在基因递送、生物成像、药物封装和疫苗开发方面的适应性。已经简化用于医学应用的显著系统包括源自人乳头瘤病毒的重组病毒样颗粒作为多价疫苗载体，用于免疫患者预防生殖器感染，以及痘苗病毒用于治疗已确诊癌症的患者。
