Guyton A C
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson.
Hypertension. 1992 Jan;19(1 Suppl):I2-8. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.19.1_suppl.i2.
The human body has multiple blood pressure control mechanisms, each of which serves a special and usually different role in pressure regulation. The nervous pressure controllers usually react within seconds and prevent major rapid changes in pressure when acute extraneous forces act on the circulatory system. Then, within minutes to hours, several intermediately acting pressure controllers become activated. Among the more important of these are the renin-angiotensin-vasoconstriction system and the shift of fluid volume between the blood and interstitial fluids. Finally, after several hours to days, the kidneys readjust body fluid volumes, especially the extracellular fluid and blood volumes, to bring the pressure to a very precise level. This final adjustment usually requires little change in body fluid volume for two reasons. First, the other pressure controllers often have already made most of the needed pressure adjustments. Second, the increase in fluid volume required to cause a major increase in blood pressure is usually surprisingly small; this is true because the whole body blood flow autoregulation mechanism causes a secondary increase in total peripheral resistance.
人体具有多种血压控制机制，每种机制在压力调节中都起着特殊且通常不同的作用。神经压力控制器通常在数秒内做出反应，当急性外力作用于循环系统时，可防止压力发生重大快速变化。然后，在数分钟至数小时内，几种起中间作用的压力控制器被激活。其中较重要的是肾素 - 血管紧张素 - 血管收缩系统以及血液与组织间液之间的液体量转移。最后，在数小时至数天之后，肾脏重新调整体液量，尤其是细胞外液和血容量，以使血压达到非常精确的水平。这种最终调整通常只需很少的体液量变化，原因有两个。首先，其他压力控制器通常已经进行了大部分所需的压力调整。其次，导致血压大幅升高所需的液体量增加通常出奇地小；这是因为全身血流自动调节机制会导致总外周阻力继发性增加。
