Andreu Vicente, Ferrer Emilia, Rubio José Luís, Font Guillermina, Picó Yolanda
Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CIDE (CSIC,UV, GV), Camí de la Marjal s/n, Apdo. Oficial, 46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 May 25;378(1-2):124-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.024. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
Surfactants have one of the highest production rates of all organic chemicals. Non-ionic surfactants, especially alkylphenol ethoxylates, received most attention as precursors of estrogenic metabolic products generated during wastewater treatment. Alkylphenols (octyl and nonylphenol), alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), and alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) have been determined in a Mediterranean forest soil (Mediterranean Rendzic Leptosol) amended with sludges from six waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Valencian Community. These compounds were isolated from soil by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using a mixture acetone-hexane (50:50 v/v), the extracts were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C(18), and determined by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS) using analytical standards for quantification. The method enabled high-reliable identification by monitoring the corresponding ammonium adduct M+NH(3) for AEOs and APEOs, and the deprotonated molecule M-H for octyl and nonylphenol. Recoveries, determined spiking soil samples at different concentrations, ranged from 89 to 94%, with limits of quantification from 1 to 100 microg kg(-1). Data obtained from a soil sample mixed with biosolids in the laboratory showed that these compounds are present at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 5 mg kg(-1). According to these concentrations, levels of possible risk can be concluded for the presence of non-ionic surfactants in soil. However, further assessment will be necessary to establish the relationship between exposure and effect findings.
表面活性剂是所有有机化学品中产量最高的产品之一。非离子表面活性剂，尤其是烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚，作为废水处理过程中产生的雌激素代谢产物的前体受到了最多关注。在地中海森林土壤（地中海黑色石灰土）中已检测到烷基酚（辛基酚和壬基酚）、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEOs）和醇醚（AEOs），该土壤用来自巴伦西亚自治区六个污水处理厂（WWTPs）的污泥进行了改良。这些化合物通过使用丙酮 - 己烷混合物（50:50 v/v）的加压液体萃取（PLE）从土壤中分离出来，提取物通过C(18)固相萃取（SPE）进行净化，并使用分析标准品通过液相色谱 - 大气压化学电离 - 质谱（LC - APCI - MS）进行定量测定。该方法通过监测AEOs和APEOs的相应铵加合物M + NH(3)以及辛基酚和壬基酚的去质子化分子M - H实现了高度可靠的鉴定。在不同浓度下对土壤样品进行加标测定回收率，范围为89%至94%，定量限为1至100 μg kg(-1)。在实验室中从与生物固体混合的土壤样品获得的数据表明，这些化合物的浓度范围为0.02至5 mg kg(-1)。根据这些浓度，可以得出土壤中存在非离子表面活性剂时可能的风险水平。然而，需要进一步评估以确定暴露与效应结果之间的关系。
