Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Phys Ther. 2022 Jan 1;102(1). doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab250.
Over the past 3 decades, the volume of human motor learning research has grown enormously. As such, the understanding of motor learning (ie, sustained change in motor behavior) has evolved. It has been learned that there are multiple mechanisms through which motor learning occurs, each with distinctive features. These mechanisms include use-dependent, instructive, reinforcement, and sensorimotor adaptation-based motor learning. It is now understood that these different motor learning mechanisms contribute in parallel or in isolation to drive desired changes in movement, and each mechanism is thought to be governed by distinct neural substrates. This expanded understanding of motor learning mechanisms has important implications for physical therapy. It has the potential to facilitate the development of new, more precise treatment approaches that physical therapists can leverage to improve human movement. This Perspective describes scientific advancements related to human motor learning mechanisms and discusses the practical implications of this work for physical therapist practice and education.
在过去的 30 年中，人类运动学习研究的数量大大增加。因此，对运动学习（即运动行为的持续变化）的理解也在不断发展。人们已经了解到，运动学习有多种机制，每种机制都有其独特的特点。这些机制包括依赖使用、指导性、强化和基于感觉运动适应的运动学习。现在人们已经认识到，这些不同的运动学习机制可以平行或独立地促进运动的期望变化，并且每个机制都被认为是由不同的神经基质控制的。对运动学习机制的这种扩展理解对物理治疗具有重要意义。它有可能促进新的、更精确的治疗方法的发展，物理治疗师可以利用这些方法来改善人类运动。本观点描述了与人类运动学习机制相关的科学进展，并讨论了这项工作对物理治疗师实践和教育的实际意义。
