Hesketh Therese, Lu Li, Jun Ye Xue, Mei Wang Hong
Centre for International Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2007 Mar 4;7:29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-29.
This study was carried-out to explore smoking behaviour and smoking expenditure among low income workers in Eastern China to inform tobacco control policy.
A self-completion questionnaire was administered to 1958 urban workers, 1909 rural workers and 3248 migrant workers in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China in 2004.
Overall 54% of the men and 1.8% of all women were current smokers (at least 1 cigarette per day). Smoking was least common in migrant men (51%), compared with 58% of urban workers and 64% rural inhabitants (P < 0.0001). Forty-nine percent of rural males smoke more than 10 cigarettes/day, and 22% over 20/day. The prevalence of smoking increased with age. Overall 9% of the males had successfully quit smoking. Reasons for quitting were to prevent future illness (58%), current illness (31%), family pressures (20%) and financial considerations (20%). Thirteen percent of current smokers had ever tried to quit (cessation for at least one week) while 22% intended to quit, with migrants most likely to intend to quit. Almost all (96%) were aware that smoking was harmful to health, though only 25% were aware of the dangers of passive smoking. A mean of 11% of personal monthly income is spent on smoking rising to a mean of 15.4% in rural smokers. This expenditure was found to have major opportunity costs, including in terms of healthcare access.
The prevalence of smoking and successful quitting suggest that smoking prevalence in low income groups in Eastern China may have peaked. Tobacco control should focus on support for quitters, on workplace/public place smoking restrictions and should develop specific programmes in rural areas. Health education messages should emphasise the opportunity costs of smoking and the dangers of passive smoking.
开展本研究以探究中国东部低收入劳动者的吸烟行为及吸烟支出情况，为烟草控制政策提供依据。
2004年，对中国东部浙江省的1958名城市劳动者、1909名农村劳动者和3248名农民工进行了自填式问卷调查。
总体而言，54%的男性和1.8%的女性为当前吸烟者（每天至少吸1支烟）。吸烟在农民工男性中最不常见（51%），城市劳动者为58%，农村居民为64%（P<0.0001）。49%的农村男性每天吸烟超过10支，22%超过20支。吸烟率随年龄增长而上升。总体而言，9%的男性成功戒烟。戒烟原因包括预防未来疾病（58%）、当前患病（31%）、家庭压力（20%）和经济考虑（20%）。13%的当前吸烟者曾尝试戒烟（戒烟至少一周），22%打算戒烟，其中农民工最有可能打算戒烟。几乎所有（96%）的人都知道吸烟有害健康，但只有25%的人意识到被动吸烟的危害。个人月收入平均有11%用于吸烟，农村吸烟者这一比例升至平均15.4%。发现这种支出有重大的机会成本，包括在医疗保健获取方面。
吸烟率和成功戒烟情况表明，中国东部低收入群体的吸烟率可能已达峰值。烟草控制应侧重于为戒烟者提供支持、在工作场所/公共场所实施吸烟限制，并应在农村地区制定具体方案。健康教育信息应强调吸烟的机会成本和被动吸烟的危害。
