Silvis N
Department of Dietetics, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education.
S Afr Med J. 1992 Feb 1;81(3):162-6.
The diabetic diet is fundamentally a healthy diet, high in complex carbohydrates, high in dietary fibre, low in fat. A nutritionally adequate, mixed diet is satisfactory for most people with diabetes and special foods or food supplements are not required. The dietary recommendations directed towards the diabetic population are essentially similar to those recommended by most authorities for the population as a whole. Education of diabetic patients and their families and also individualised diet and meal planning are essential components in the management of diabetes mellitus. Weight loss and subsequent maintenance of a desirable body weight should be achieved when necessary. The amount of carbohydrate should be liberalised, including a wide variety of fibre-rich complex carbohydrates. In some individuals modest amounts of sucrose taken at meal times are acceptable. Foods with lower glycaemic indices should be offered on trial to people with diabetes. Total fat intake, especially saturated fat, should be restricted. More research is needed before recommendations regarding eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation can be made. Protein intake should be restricted to the Recommended Daily Allowance except in groups at risk of negative nitrogen balance. A restriction in salt intake is advised. Alcoholic beverages and nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners may be used, but in moderate amounts.
糖尿病饮食从根本上来说是一种健康饮食，富含复合碳水化合物，膳食纤维含量高，脂肪含量低。对大多数糖尿病患者而言，营养充足的混合饮食就足够了，无需特殊食物或营养补充剂。针对糖尿病患者的饮食建议基本上与大多数权威机构针对全体人群的建议相似。糖尿病患者及其家人的教育以及个性化的饮食和用餐计划是糖尿病管理的重要组成部分。必要时应实现体重减轻并随后维持理想体重。碳水化合物的摄入量应放宽，包括各种富含纤维的复合碳水化合物。在某些个体中，餐时摄入适量蔗糖是可以接受的。应向糖尿病患者试用血糖指数较低的食物。总脂肪摄入量，尤其是饱和脂肪，应加以限制。在能够就补充二十碳五烯酸提出建议之前，还需要进行更多研究。蛋白质摄入量应限制在推荐的每日摄入量范围内，但处于负氮平衡风险的人群除外。建议限制盐的摄入量。可以饮用酒精饮料以及食用营养性和非营养性甜味剂，但要适量。
