Simons C J P, Jacobs N, Jolles J, van Os J, Krabbendam L
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Schizophr Res. 2007 May;92(1-3):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.01.008. Epub 2007 Mar 7.
Cognitive deficits may be vulnerability markers for the development of schizophrenia. This study examined whether cognitive deficits are related to specific dimensions of subclinical psychotic experiences and whether associations between these variables are caused by additive genetic, common environmental and/or individual-specific environmental factors.
A general population sample of 298 female twin pairs completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences and a neuropsychological test battery. Associations between subclinical positive and negative psychotic dimensions and neuropsychological factors (episodic memory and information processing speed) were examined. Univariate correlation and structural equation analyses were performed to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in the phenotypes separately. Bivariate correlation and structural equation analyses were applied to examine the causes of association.
There were significant correlations between information processing speed and both the positive (r=.11; p<.05) and the negative dimension (r=.10; p<.05). For the negative dimension and for speed of processing, the data suggested a model that included genetic factors. The observed phenotypic correlation between the negative dimension and information processing speed could be solely explained in terms of additive genetic factors. Although the comparison of the correlations for MZ and DZ pairs did not give a clear indication as to the underlying causes of the association, structural equation modelling suggested that the observed phenotypic correlation between the negative dimension and information processing speed could be solely explained in terms of additive genetic factors.
Negative symptoms and information processing speed are associated at the subclinical level and this association appears to be influenced by genetic factors exclusively. Bivariate psychosis phenotypes may represent suitable candidates for molecular genetic studies in the general population.
认知缺陷可能是精神分裂症发病的易感性标志物。本研究考察了认知缺陷是否与亚临床精神病性体验的特定维度相关，以及这些变量之间的关联是否由加性遗传、共同环境和/或个体特异性环境因素引起。
298对女性双胞胎的一般人群样本完成了精神体验社区评估和一套神经心理测试。考察了亚临床阳性和阴性精神病维度与神经心理因素（情景记忆和信息处理速度）之间的关联。进行单变量相关分析和结构方程分析，分别探讨遗传和环境因素在这些表型中的作用。应用双变量相关分析和结构方程分析来检验关联的原因。
信息处理速度与阳性维度（r = 0.11；p < 0.05）和阴性维度（r = 0.10；p < 0.05）均存在显著相关性。对于阴性维度和处理速度，数据提示了一个包含遗传因素的模型。阴性维度与信息处理速度之间观察到的表型相关性可以仅用加性遗传因素来解释。尽管同卵双胞胎（MZ）和异卵双胞胎（DZ）对相关性的比较并未明确表明关联的潜在原因，但结构方程模型表明，阴性维度与信息处理速度之间观察到的表型相关性可以仅用加性遗传因素来解释。
阴性症状与信息处理速度在亚临床水平上相关，且这种关联似乎仅受遗传因素影响。双变量精神病表型可能是一般人群分子遗传学研究的合适对象。
