Marshal Michael P, Molina Brooke S G, Pelham William E, Cheong JeeWon
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):564-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00340.x.
Parent alcoholism is a well-established risk factor for the development of pathological alcohol involvement in youth, and life stress is considered to be one of the central mechanisms of the parent alcoholism effect; however, little is known about the moderators of the life stress pathway. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has also been shown to predict pathological alcohol involvement, however, little is known about whether or not ADHD interacts with parent alcoholism to increase offspring risk. The goals of this study were to examine stressful life events as mediators of the relationship between parent alcoholism and adolescent pathological alcohol involvement, and to examine whether or not this mediated pathway was stronger for adolescents with ADHD than for adolescents without ADHD.
Participants were 142 adolescents with a childhood ADHD diagnosis (probands) and 100 demographically matched control adolescents without childhood ADHD. Probands, controls, and at least 1 parent were interviewed about drinking behavior; probands and controls were interviewed about negative life events.
A moderated mediation paradigm was used to test the hypotheses using ordinary least squares regression. Results showed that the relationships between parent alcoholism and 2 of the stress variables ("family" stress and "peer" stress) were significant for probands only, and that stress in the probands mediated the parent alcoholism effect on offspring alcohol involvement.
These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that offspring characteristics might moderate the life stress pathway to alcoholism, and indicate that ADHD may serve to facilitate the transmission of pathological alcohol use from parent to child.
父母酗酒是青少年出现病理性饮酒问题的一个公认风险因素，生活压力被认为是父母酗酒产生影响的核心机制之一；然而，对于生活压力途径的调节因素知之甚少。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）也已被证明可预测病理性饮酒问题，但是，对于ADHD是否与父母酗酒相互作用以增加后代风险却知之甚少。本研究的目的是检验应激性生活事件作为父母酗酒与青少年病理性饮酒问题之间关系的中介因素，并检验这一中介途径对于患有ADHD的青少年是否比对未患ADHD的青少年更强。
参与者为142名患有儿童期ADHD诊断的青少年（先证者）和100名在人口统计学上匹配的无儿童期ADHD的对照青少年。就饮酒行为对先证者、对照者以及至少一名家长进行了访谈；就负性生活事件对先证者和对照者进行了访谈。
采用调节中介模型，使用普通最小二乘法回归检验假设。结果显示，父母酗酒与其中两个压力变量（“家庭”压力和“同伴”压力）之间的关系仅在先证者中显著，并且先证者中的压力介导了父母酗酒对后代饮酒问题的影响。
这些结果为后代特征可能调节酗酒的生活压力途径这一假设提供了初步支持，并表明ADHD可能有助于促进病理性饮酒从父母向子女的传递。
