Bingham C Raymond, Elliott Michael R, Shope Jean T
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):655-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00350.x.
Alcohol consumption and drink/driving are positively correlated and many predictors of alcohol use also predict drink/driving. Past research has not fully distinguished the contributions of personal risk factors from the level of alcohol use in the prediction of drink/driving. As a result, the extent to which predictors are specific to drink/driving, versus due to a mutual association to alcohol use, is unclear.
This study examined the unique and shared risk factors for drink/driving and alcohol use, and examined the attributable risk (AR) associated with predictors of drink/driving while adjusting for alcohol use. Study data were from a telephone survey of 3,480 Michigan-licensed young adults who were drinkers. Four groups of drink/drivers were formed based on the prior 12-month maximum severity of drink/driving: (1) never drink/driving; (2) driving at least once within an hour of 1 or 2 drinks; (3) driving within an hour of 3 or more drinks or while feeling the effects of alcohol; and (4) drinking while driving.
Lower perceived risk of drink/driving, greater social support for drinking and drink/driving, greater aggression and delinquency, more cigarette smoking, and more risky driving behaviors uniquely predicted drink/driving severity in models adjusted for alcohol use. The largest ARs were associated with social support for drinking and drink/driving and perceived risk of drink/driving.
These results confirm that alcohol use and drink/driving share risk factors, but also indicate that part of the variation in these factors is specific to drink/driving. Implications for interventions to reduce drink/driving are discussed.
饮酒与酒后驾车呈正相关，许多饮酒行为的预测因素也能预测酒后驾车。过去的研究尚未充分区分个人风险因素与饮酒量在酒后驾车预测中的作用。因此，尚不清楚这些预测因素在多大程度上是酒后驾车所特有的，还是由于与饮酒行为的共同关联。
本研究考察了酒后驾车和饮酒行为的独特及共同风险因素，并在调整饮酒量的同时考察了与酒后驾车预测因素相关的归因风险（AR）。研究数据来自对3480名持有密歇根州驾照的年轻饮酒者的电话调查。根据过去12个月内酒后驾车的最高严重程度，将酒后驾车者分为四组：（1）从不酒后驾车；（2）在饮用1或2杯酒的一小时内至少驾车一次；（3）在饮用3杯或更多酒的一小时内驾车或在感到酒精影响时驾车；（4）酒后驾车。
在调整饮酒量的模型中，较低的酒后驾车风险认知、对饮酒和酒后驾车的更多社会支持、更强的攻击性和犯罪行为、更多的吸烟行为以及更多的危险驾驶行为独特地预测了酒后驾车的严重程度。最大的归因风险与对饮酒和酒后驾车的社会支持以及酒后驾车风险认知有关。
这些结果证实了饮酒和酒后驾车存在共同的风险因素，但也表明这些因素的部分差异是酒后驾车所特有的。讨论了对减少酒后驾车干预措施的启示。
