Lund Leslie P, Timmins Graham S
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;114(2):198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.007. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
Although sunlight is known to cause melanoma, there has been considerable controversy as to the importance of short (UVB) and long (UVA) ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths in causing melanoma, leading to uncertainty in how best to prevent this cancer. This uncertainty has been compounded by the difficulties in assaying the UVA protection abilities of sunscreens, as compared to widely accepted measures of UVB screening by the sun protection factor (SPF). This review discusses the controversies surrounding UVA causation of melanoma in both human and animal models and the use of sunscreens to prevent melanoma. In addition, it details the development of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, initially used to determine the wavelength dependence (or action spectrum) of intramelanocyte radical generation to resolve these controversies in the Xiphophorus model. It is shown how this EPR technique allows a sunscreen protection factor to be determined, that is weighted to the melanocyte, and how this also allows study of the wavelength-dependent screening ability of sunscreens.
虽然已知阳光会引发黑色素瘤，但关于短波长（UVB）和长波长（UVA）紫外线在引发黑色素瘤中的重要性一直存在相当大的争议，这导致在如何最佳预防这种癌症方面存在不确定性。与通过防晒系数（SPF）对UVB防护能力的广泛认可的测量方法相比，由于在测定防晒霜的UVA防护能力方面存在困难，这种不确定性更加复杂。本综述讨论了在人类和动物模型中围绕UVA引发黑色素瘤的争议以及使用防晒霜预防黑色素瘤的情况。此外，它详细介绍了电子顺磁共振（EPR）技术的发展，该技术最初用于确定黑素细胞内自由基产生的波长依赖性（或作用光谱），以解决剑尾鱼模型中的这些争议。展示了这种EPR技术如何能够确定针对黑素细胞加权的防晒霜防护系数，以及它如何还能用于研究防晒霜的波长依赖性筛选能力。
