Lane D S, Polednak A P, Burg M A
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
Am J Public Health. 1992 Feb;82(2):199-203. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.2.199.
Breast cancer screening rates tend to be lower among women with lower income and/or education.
Telephone surveys of random samples of women aged 50 to 75 who had visited five health centers (n = 795) and women in the same age group residing in the entire community (n = 404) were conducted in 1988.
Despite the significantly lower socioeconomic level, a higher proportion of minority women, and a poorer knowledge of mammography, screening rates in the health center group were not lower than in the community sample. About half or more of the health center respondents had ever had a mammogram regardless of income, education, age, and ethnic group. Of the community respondents, 49% had ever had a mammogram, but the proportion varied significantly by income and education. Within the subgroup of women having annual incomes below $15,000, mammography use was actually higher among health center women; that is, 50% of health center vs 35% of community women reported ever having a mammogram and 31% vs 14%, respectively, reported having a mammogram in the past year.
The findings demonstrate the importance of publicly funded health centers in achieving screening rates among the socioeconomically disadvantaged that are comparable to (or even higher than) those in the general population.
低收入和/或低教育水平的女性乳腺癌筛查率往往较低。
1988年，对随机抽取的50至75岁曾就诊于五家健康中心的女性样本（n = 795）以及同年龄组居住在整个社区的女性样本（n = 404）进行了电话调查。
尽管健康中心组女性的社会经济水平显著较低、少数族裔女性比例较高且对乳房X线摄影的了解较少，但其筛查率并不低于社区样本。无论收入、教育程度、年龄和种族如何，健康中心组约一半或更多的受访者曾进行过乳房X线摄影检查。在社区受访者中，49%曾进行过乳房X线摄影检查，但该比例因收入和教育程度而有显著差异。在年收入低于15,000美元的女性亚组中，健康中心女性的乳房X线摄影使用率实际上更高；也就是说，50%的健康中心女性报告曾进行过乳房X线摄影检查，而社区女性为35%；分别有31%和14%的健康中心女性和社区女性报告在过去一年进行过乳房X线摄影检查。
研究结果表明，公共资助的健康中心对于在社会经济弱势群体中实现与普通人群相当（甚至更高）的筛查率具有重要意义。
