Sundrud Mark S, Rao Anjana
Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research Inc, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Jun;19(3):287-93. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.014. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
Protective and pathogenic immune responses were initially thought to be determined by the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 and Th2 effector subsets and the immunosuppressive activity of thymic-derived regulatory T cells. It is now clear that naïve T cells can also differentiate into 'induced' regulatory T cells or inflammatory T cells that secrete IL-17. These divergent T-cell subsets have opposing functions in imparting inflammation or tolerance, yet both developmental programs are controlled by the pluripotent cytokine transforming growth factor beta and the transcription factor NFAT. Recent findings have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which TGF-beta and NFAT integrate multiple signaling inputs to determine the direction of naïve T-cell differentiation.
保护性和致病性免疫反应最初被认为是由初始T细胞分化为Th1和Th2效应子亚群以及胸腺来源的调节性T细胞的免疫抑制活性所决定的。现在很清楚，初始T细胞也可以分化为“诱导性”调节性T细胞或分泌IL-17的炎性T细胞。这些不同的T细胞亚群在引发炎症或耐受方面具有相反的功能，但这两种发育程序均受多能细胞因子转化生长因子β和转录因子NFAT的控制。最近的研究结果已开始揭示TGF-β和NFAT整合多种信号输入以确定初始T细胞分化方向的机制。
