Kitchin Beth, Morgan Sarah L
School of Health Professions and UAB Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment Clinic, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 354 LRC, 1714 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1270, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Apr;9(1):85-92. doi: 10.1007/s11926-007-0027-9.
Calcium and vitamin D are the mainstays of nutritional intervention for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, conditions that alter nutritional status as well as other nutrients should be considered when diagnosing and treating osteoporosis and osteopenia. Current research supports the early diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa to prevent associated bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Weight restoration in patients with anorexia nervosa is central to bone mass stabilization. Other nutritional considerations include nutrients such as vitamin B-12 and vitamin K that may reduce fracture risk by increasing bone mineral density as well as the improvement of bone microarchitecture. Diets high in fruits and vegetables contribute nutrients such as magnesium associated with bone health and may also produce an alkaline environment, reducing calcium excretion and thus improving bone density.
钙和维生素D是预防和治疗骨质疏松症营养干预的主要手段。然而，在诊断和治疗骨质疏松症和骨质减少时，应考虑改变营养状况的因素以及其他营养素。目前的研究支持对神经性厌食症进行早期诊断和治疗，以预防相关的骨质流失和骨折风险增加。神经性厌食症患者的体重恢复对于骨量稳定至关重要。其他营养方面的考虑因素包括维生素B-12和维生素K等营养素，它们可能通过增加骨矿物质密度以及改善骨微结构来降低骨折风险。富含水果和蔬菜的饮食提供与骨骼健康相关的营养素，如镁，还可能产生碱性环境，减少钙的排泄，从而提高骨密度。
