Martins Yolanda, Tiggemann Marika, Kirkbride Alana
School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 May;33(5):634-47. doi: 10.1177/0146167206297403. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
Objectification Theory proposes that membership in sexually objectifying Western societies gradually socializes women to adopt an observer's perspective on their physical self. This leads to negative consequences, including body shame and restricted eating behavior. The authors extend this framework to investigate a subgroup of men, namely gay men, who also exist in a subculture that emphasizes and values physical appearance. Study 1 investigated trait differences in self-objectification and body image among gay and heterosexual men. Analyses indicated that gay men scored higher on self-objectification, body shame, body dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness. In Study 2, the authors experimentally manipulated state self-objectification and found that for gay men, increasing state self-objectification resulted in greater body shame and dissatisfaction and more restrained eating. Together, these results offer strong support to Objectification Theory as a useful framework from within which to view the experience of gay men.
客体化理论认为，身处将人视为性客体的西方社会，女性会逐渐被社会化，从而采用旁观者的视角看待自己的身体。这会导致负面后果，包括身体羞耻感和饮食行为受限。作者拓展了这一框架，以研究男性中的一个亚群体，即男同性恋者，他们同样存在于一个强调并重视外表的亚文化中。研究1调查了男同性恋者和异性恋男性在自我客体化和身体意象方面的特质差异。分析表明，男同性恋者在自我客体化、身体羞耻感、身体不满以及追求瘦身方面得分更高。在研究2中，作者通过实验操纵了状态性自我客体化，发现对于男同性恋者而言，增强状态性自我客体化会导致更强的身体羞耻感和不满，以及更节制的饮食。这些结果共同为客体化理论提供了有力支持，表明它是一个有助于理解男同性恋者经历的有用框架。
