Kruger Lawrence, Otis Thomas S
Department of Neurobiology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Brain Res Bull. 2007 May 30;72(4-6):201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.016. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
The 100th anniversary of the shared first Nobel prize in neuroscience by Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal invites reappraisal of the merits of the arguments adduced by these two combative scientists in the light of contemporary knowledge. Guided by cogent reasons for reluctance in accepting the inviolable polarity principle of the neuron doctrine and concern for explaining cerebral recovery of function, Golgi joined the 'reticularists' of his generation. Modern observations of axo-axonic and dendro-dendritic synapses, gap-junction interconnections, rules for the direction and mode of analog or impulse conduction, the myriad diversity of ion channels and gating principles and the complexities of synaptic plasticity have eclipsed the polarized neuron doctrine explanations of reflex physiology and the 'fixed and immutable' connections successfully championed by Cajal. Without violating the cell theory, expanded modes of neuronal and glial communication have encompassed reticularist notions and provided insight into the long-term changes underlying synaptic and extra-synaptic neural patterns. Both laureates espoused operative principles that have survived in different modes and distinctive temporal domains. Together, they reflect the roots of our contemporary understanding of neural interaction.
卡米洛·高尔基（Camillo Golgi）和拉蒙·伊·卡哈尔（Ramon y Cajal）共同获得首届诺贝尔神经科学奖100周年之际，促使人们根据当代知识，重新审视这两位好斗科学家所提出观点的价值。出于不愿接受神经元学说不可侵犯的极性原则的有力理由，以及对解释大脑功能恢复的关注，高尔基加入了他那个时代的“网状学说支持者”行列。现代对轴-轴突触和树-树突触、缝隙连接互连、模拟或冲动传导方向和模式的规则、离子通道的无数多样性和门控原理以及突触可塑性的复杂性的观察，使卡哈尔成功捍卫的反射生理学的极化神经元学说解释以及“固定不变”的连接黯然失色。在不违反细胞学说的情况下，神经元和神经胶质细胞通信的扩展模式涵盖了网状学说的概念，并为突触和突触外神经模式背后的长期变化提供了见解。两位获奖者都支持的操作原则，以不同的模式和独特的时间域留存了下来。它们共同反映了我们当代对神经相互作用理解的根源。
