Departments of Epidemiology, and.
J Nutr. 2013 Oct;143(10):1642-50. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.179739. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
Later menopause is a risk factor for breast and endometrial cancer, yet few studies have investigated dietary predictors of this potentially modifiable event. In particular, dairy contains hormones and growth factors that could potentially affect menopausal timing. We therefore assessed the association between regular consumption of dairy foods and related nutrients and age at natural menopause. We conducted a prospective analysis with up to 20 y of follow-up in 46,059 participants in the Nurses' Health Study who were premenopausal in 1980. We observed 30,816 events of natural menopause over 401,754 person-years. In the total population, the estimated mean age at natural menopause was 51.5 y for women who consumed no low-fat dairy and 51.5, 51.6, 51.7, and 51.8 y for women who consumed 0.1-1.0, 1.1-2.0, 2.1-3.0, and >3 servings of low-fat dairy daily, respectively. Premenopausal women <51 y of age consuming >3 servings of low-fat dairy per day were 14% less likely (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96; P-trend < 0.0001) to report natural menopause in the next month relative to those consuming 0.1-1 servings/d. Similar results were obtained for skim milk (for >6 servings/wk vs. 0-1 servings/mo: HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97; P-trend < 0.0001) but not for total high-fat dairy or whole milk. Dairy foods were not associated with age at menopause among women ≥51 y of age. These findings support the growing body of literature on the hormonally active nature of milk and dairy foods.
绝经较晚是乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的一个风险因素，但很少有研究调查饮食因素对这一潜在可改变事件的预测作用。特别是，乳制品中含有可能影响绝经时间的激素和生长因子。因此，我们评估了经常食用乳制品和相关营养素与自然绝经年龄之间的关系。我们对 1980 年处于绝经前的 46059 名参加护士健康研究的参与者进行了前瞻性分析，随访时间长达 20 年。在 401754 人年中，我们观察到 30816 例自然绝经事件。在总人群中，不食用低脂乳制品的女性自然绝经的平均年龄为 51.5 岁，而每天食用 0.1-1.0 份、1.1-2.0 份、2.1-3.0 份和 >3 份低脂乳制品的女性的平均年龄分别为 51.6、51.7、51.8 和 51.8 岁。对于<51 岁的年轻女性，如果每天食用>3 份低脂乳制品，那么在下个月报告自然绝经的可能性降低 14%（HR：0.86；95%CI：0.77，0.96；P-趋势<0.0001）。对于脱脂牛奶（>6 份/周与 0-1 份/月相比：HR：0.93；95%CI：0.89，0.97；P-趋势<0.0001）也得到了类似的结果，但对于总高脂肪乳制品或全脂牛奶则不然。对于≥51 岁的女性，乳制品与绝经年龄无关。这些发现支持越来越多的关于牛奶和乳制品具有激素活性的文献。
